Use of qualitative methods in international business: a systematic literature review

Use of qualitative methods in international business: a systematic literature review

Teresi, Jeanne A. EdD, PhD*; Stewart, Anita L. PhD†; Morales, Leo S. MD, PhD‡; Stahl, Sidney M. PhD§ Author Information

This manuscript presents an argument for a broader use of qualitative methodologies to investigate the practice and the surroundings of pharmaceutical care. Albeit the use of qualitative research methods is growing in the health care field, it is still insufficient in the area of pharmaceutical care. Pharmaceutical care, as a patient-centered practice, calls for a more comprehensive and humanistic approach to research. It is our contention that the attempt to understand pharmaceutical care practice from the perspective of patients, pharmacists and other health care professionals, by means of using qualitative methods, would notably contribute to a better assessment of the value of pharmaceutical care programs in the health care system. Moreover, because a deeper understanding of the nuances of this practice can be achieved with the use of qualitative methods, this approach might also assist us in making the necessary changes to create more effective pharmaceutical care practices.

Over the past 10 years, the field of health services and management research has seen renewed interest in the use of qualitative research methods. This article examines the volume and characteristics of qualitative research articles published in nine major health services and management journals between 1998 and 2008. Qualitative research articles comprise 9% of research articles published in these journals. Although the publication rate of qualitative research articles has not kept pace with that of quantitative research articles, citation analysis suggests that qualitative research articles contribute comparably to the field's knowledge base. A wide range of policy and management topics has been examined using qualitative methods. Case study designs, interviews, and documentary sources were the most frequently used methods. Half of qualitative research articles provided little or no detail about key aspects the study's methods. Implications are discussed and recommendations are offered for promoting the publication of qualitative research.

The use of rigorous qualitative research methods can enhance the development of quality measures, the development and dissemination of comparative quality reports, as well as quality improvement efforts. This paper describes how such methods have been and can be used, and identifies how to improve the use of such methods in studying quality of care. Focus groups and cognitive interviews are now a standard part of the development of valid and reliable survey instruments. They are particularly useful in developing surveys to gather data on the experiences and responses of patients and consumers to plans, services, and providers. These two methods have also been adapted and applied to improve the development and dissemination of comparative quality reports to consumers and other audiences, while key informant interviews and focus groups have been critical in the exploratory assessment of stakeholder responses to reports and their effects on consumers. Interviews have also been used to identify best practices found in health plans receiving high scores on the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Surveys and measures of effectiveness in the Health Employer Data and Information Set. It would be valuable to widen the use of qualitative methods, especially structured observations, to document in detail the delivery of services designed to improve quality, so the implementation of complex processes can be more carefully measured and related to outcomes. The design and conduct of rigorous qualitative research takes a skilled and experienced team. Issues commonly faced in quantitative work must also be addressed in qualitative studies, including study design, specification of the unit of analysis, sampling, instrument design and administration, and, in particular, data analysis. It is especially critical that the analysis and interpretation process be deliberate and thorough to avoid the use of initial impression rather than detailed examination of the raw data.

The South African situation provides exceptional opportunities for socially relevant activities by psychologists. Research strategies that seem likely to advance psychology faster and more validly, are: better use of inductive inference, more short-run empiricism, greater use of qualitative methods, greater use of combined quantitative and qualitative methods, and approaching subjects as co-inquiring participants. The question is discussed whether present psychological knowledge warrants application, and ways in which psychologists can assist in application are mentioned. Lastly, some examples are given of the kind of application of which we need more in South Africa.

Innovation and international business: A systematic literature review

Cybersecurity is a hot topic and researchers have published extensively on studies conducted using a variety of different research methods. This paper aims to determine which qualitative research methods were most used and for studying which topics. A systematic literature review on Web of Science, Scopus and ACM DL has been conducted to achieve an overview of quantitative methods used in cybersecurity. The review covered the most recent research in different areas of cybersecurity (i.e., personal, organizational and state cybersecurity) in the period of 2017 to 2019. After careful inspection of papers, we identified 160 papers reporting on the use of qualitative methods. The most common qualitative methods are interviews, followed by case studies and observation. Other studied qualitative methods (i.e., focus groups, grounded theory, action research and Delphi method) seem to be much less frequent. Although qualitative methods are used when studying all key cybersecurity areas, they often lack the necessary rigor and detail observed in other research areas where qualitative methods are well-established.

The Use of Qualitative Methods in Developing the Descriptive Systems of Preference-Based Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life for Use in Economic Evaluation

The COVID-19 pandemic is currently engulfing the world, including Indonesia, causing various impacts including the economic sector, one of which has a major impact on the international business world. This study aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 international economic and business challenges in Indonesia today. This type of research is a research with data analysis using qualitative methods. The results of the study show the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global economy, including the international business economy. From the impact of this pandemic, the decline in demand for international products and the inhibition of production and export imports because the raw materials come from outside countries, the impact of this pandemic affects the realization of investment realization is hampered. No exception, investors who plan to invest in Islamic businesses. The increasing risk of Islamic financial institutions from this challenge international economic and business strategies can overcome the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is hoped that international economic and business actors will show empathy and solidarity with stakeholders. international business people develop more profitable business strategies. International business players take advantage of and support the government's stimulus program. Banking and other financial institutions must start revising their growth targets, implementing digital transaction technology in one solution. The international economy and business can play a role in recovering from economic shocks by prioritizing the achievement of the objectives of the international business strategyImpact of Covid-19Impact of Covid-19Impact of Covid-19

As information technologies have evolved, so too has our understanding of the information systems that employ them. A significant part of this evolving understanding is the role of the human contexts within which information systems are situated. This, in turn, has led to the need for appropriate methods of studying information systems in their context of use. Just as decisions about information systems need to be considered within their contexts of use, so also do choices about the appropriate research methodologies to employ for studying them. Increasingly, qualitative methods are chosen as an appropriate method for studying contextual aspects of information systems development, use and impact. Qualitative research refers to research methods that engage in the interpretation of words and images rather than the calculation of numbers. These methods include: ethnography, case study, action research, interviews, and text analysis (i.e., conversation analysis, discourse analysis, and hermeneutics). Qualitative research can be theory-driven in much the same way as quantitative analysis. However, it can also employ grounded theory techniques in order to develop theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Following some early uses of qualitative methods in the 1980s (e.g., Benbasat et al., 1987; Kaplan & Duchon, 1988; Lee, 1989; Mumford et al., 1985), there has been a significant growth in the use of qualitative methods for information systems research since the 1990s (e.g., Journal of Information Technology, 1998; Lee et al., 1997; MIS Quarterly, 1999, 2000; Nissen et al., 1991; Trauth, 2001). Accompanying the increased use of qualitative methods for IS research has been a discussion of various methodological issues. Among the key aspects of this dialogue are discussions about the suitability of qualitative methods for various types of research and issues arising from a particular type of qualitative methods: interpretive methods. This article presents a reflection on some these discussions in the form of a consideration of five factors that can influence the choice of qualitative (particularly interpretive) methods for information systems research.

Purpose The metaverse is an evolving concept that will seamlessly merge the physical and virtual worlds together. For international businesses (IB), the opportunity is huge, but so are the governance challenges. The purpose of this paper is to map the current domain of research in metaverse governance, identify common research themes and provide directions for future IB scholarship and practice. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted of all papers published on metaverse governance between 1st January 1990 to 16th February 2023 using the SCOPUS database. This review was extended to IB from January 1990–March 2025. A final set of 101 papers were then analyzed. Findings The study identifies 14 themes and 104 governance challenges associated with metaverse. The review finds that most articles focused on data (45%), security (32%) and identity-related issues (27%). A majority of studies were not country specific (73%) with very few industries represented (most of which were single studies). This finding suggests an opportunity for deeper research into the identified governance streams, expanding empirical settings and national contexts while also exploring additional industry sectors. Originality/value This is one of the first systematic literature reviews on metaverse governance. The study identifies research trends and offers potential research avenues through the lens of IB knowledge domains and theoretical frameworks. Additionally, the study introduces a novel multi-level metaverse governance framework developed to help IBses navigate the complex interplay of stakeholders, values and regulatory environments across jurisdictions to achieve long-term sustainability in the metaverse.

In article it is performed comparative of research of quantitative methods for their deficiencies and the evaluations of their adequacy by the example of calculation of probability of bankruptcy. For deliverance of deficiencies of quantitative methods use of qualitative methods was offered, as example was considered method ORKLASS. Using qualitative methods would not only get rid of the deficiencies found, but also would make it possible in addition to the quantitative results get recommendations. Today there are many methods that predict the probability of any phenomena in the economic sector in the face of uncertainty. All of these methods are constructed on mathematical models using numerical values and algebraic operations on them, that is, they quantitative. The most popular and common models, used for methods of the evaluation of probability of bankruptcy, are considered following: Altman Z-score, a revised Z-Score model and Altman model adapting for the non-manufacturers. For example, was calculated probability of bankruptcy “Ukrtelecom” company and all models give inadequate results. It is possible to draw conclusion that it is necessary to think above approach to creation of a new model of forecasting, as deficiencies of quantitative methods can bring to nothing a huge scope of work. The decision of this problem can become use of qualitative methods apart from quantitative, as all deficiencies listed above are not inherent to qualitative methods, hence, at their use of the model to be deprived as well of these deficiencies. Additionally, use of qualitative methods will allow not only to give quantitative result, and possible problem solving variants, if such is.

When attending last year’s (2011) International Health Economics Association (iHEA) conference in Toronto, we were struck by the notion that almost all papers we listened to used a very similar quantitativemethodology, whereas qualitative methods barely seemed to play a role. This is unfortunate: (Health) economists could effectively integrate combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods into their research toolkit, without having to give up the formal modeling approach they are accustomed to. The population and institutions studied will rarely be identical with the population for which policy recommendations are derived, so that, to the extent that the two differ, the recommendations may only partially hold. However, acquiring knowledge about the compatibility of populations and institutions is a complex task, one that may require the type of data generated by qualitative research.

Integrated reporting (IR) was once questioned because standard setters in Indonesia have not required it. Corporate reports in Indonesia are voluntarily present in the form of IR. Although the preparation of IR in Indonesia is optional, it has been anticipated by reviewing corporate reporting research. Therefore, this study investigates IR in accounting research publications in Indonesia. This research uses a systematic literature review from 2017-2022 through nineteen articles in accounting journal publications indexed by the Science and Technology Index (SINTA) 1 and 2. The results show that research on IR in Indonesia began in 2017 with the dominance of quantitative methods referring to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). IR's research in Indonesia shows the minimal use of qualitative methods exploring standard setters in Indonesia. In the 2017-2022 publication period, IR in accounting research in Indonesia was dominated by companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange using agency theory and stakeholder theory.