Abstract
Analysis of faults and protective relay operations is crucial for understanding the fault clearing sequences. Today, this analysis is performed off line and mostly through manual inspection of different data records captured by digital protective relays (DPRs), digital fault recorders (DFRs), Sequence of Events Recorders (SERs), and other substation IEDs. This paper introduces several tools developed for automated analysis of faults and protective relay operations. The tools are implemented using intelligent techniques based on synchronized sampling, expert systems, neural networks, and fuzzy logic.
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