Abstract
This paper presents the use of ashes from brown coal combustion (BCA) as fillers in rubber mixtures, to reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds. Two types of ash, BCA1 and BCA2, were selected as fillers for styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR). The ashes were produced during the treatment of brown coal at the Bełchatów Power Plant in the years 2017 and 2018. The morphology and chemical composition of the ash were tested. Morphology studies using scanning microscopy showed differences in the grain sizes of the ashes, and EDS analysis showed a difference in their chemical compositions. Vulcanizates with different weight proportions of the individual ashes were produced. Mixtures were made with the addition of 10–30 pts. wt. ashes per 100 g of SBR. The addition of BCA1 ash at 10 and 30 pts. wt. reduced the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) while maintaining the good strength properties of the mixtures.
Highlights
Energy waste is used in mining [9], agriculture, civil engineering, and in environmental protection, where energy waste is used to neutralize sewage and purify exhaust gases [10]
It is known that the shape, particle size, and specific surface of a filler have a decisive influence on the strength of rubber–filler connections
Elongation at break increased by between 12.6% and 30% following the addition of ash fillers
Summary
During the process of coal combustion, significant amounts of by-products are formed, including fly ash, furnace slag, and harmful chemical compounds in the form of gases (including CO2 , NOx , and sulfur compounds) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. A large proportion of this furnace waste (ash and slag) is stored. The storage of ashes is not ideal due to the significant risk of atmospheric factors leading to the release of dust particles into the air. Some uses for ashes have been found. An interesting application of ashes is in the production of electrodes in lithium-ion batteries [8]. Energy waste is used in mining (as flooring components, to strengthen the rock mass) [9], agriculture (for the production of fertilizers, soil deacidification), civil engineering (for soil stabilization, construction of embankments, flood sealing), and in environmental protection, where energy waste is used to neutralize sewage and purify exhaust gases [10]
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