Abstract
The high frequency of traumatic brain injury imposes severe economic stress on health and insurance services. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between the serum S100B protein, the Gosling pulsatility index (PI), and the level of oxygen saturation at the tip of the internal jugular vein (SjVO2%) in patients diagnosed with severe TBI. The severity of TBI was assessed by a GCS score ≤ 8 stratified by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) measured on the day of discharge from the hospital. Two groups were included: GOS < 4 (unfavorable group (UG)) and GOS ≥ 4 (favorable group (UG)). S100B levels were higher in the UG than in the FG. PI levels in the UG were also substantially higher than in the FG. There were similar levels of SjVO2 in the two groups. This study confirmed that serum S100B levels were higher in patients with unfavorable outcomes than in those with favorable outcomes. Moreover, a clear demarcation in PI between unfavorable and FGs was observed. This report shows that mortality and morbidity rates in patients with traumatic brain injury can be assessed within the first 4 days of hospitalization using the S100B protein, PI values, and SjVO2.
Highlights
The leading global causes of death are traumatic brain injury (TBI), cardiovascular disease, and cancer [1].TBI includes noncongenital tissue damage rendered by a sudden impact manifested by endocrine dysfunction, electrolyte imbalance, respiratory manifestations, and neurological, neuropsychological, and psychiatric dysfunction [2]
This study was performed on two groups of patients stratified by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) [30] and assessed on the day of discharge from the hospital
None performed a combined analysis of the levels of S100B protein, Gosling’s pulsatility index, and jugular venous oxygen saturation for the prediction of mortality and morbidity among patients with TBI
Summary
The leading global causes of death are traumatic brain injury (TBI), cardiovascular disease, and cancer [1].TBI includes noncongenital tissue damage rendered by a sudden impact manifested by endocrine dysfunction, electrolyte imbalance, respiratory manifestations, and neurological, neuropsychological, and psychiatric dysfunction [2]. The leading global causes of death are traumatic brain injury (TBI), cardiovascular disease, and cancer [1]. TBI occurs most frequently in two age groups: between 15 and 24 and older than 75 years of age [3]. TBI is prevalent internationally at 1.3 and 2 per 100,000 in North America and Europe, respectively, in Poland, its frequency oscillates around 0.07 per 100,000. This high frequency of TBI imposes severe economic stress on health and insurance services due to costly and complicated treatment and rehabilitation processes [4,5,6]
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