Urological complications after living‐donor renal transplantation

Abstract

To determine the incidence and management of urological complications after 1200 consecutive live-donor renal transplantations, all of which were carried out in one centre; the possible risk factors and the effect on patient and graft survival were also assessed. Data were retrieved from an electronic database; the incidence of urological complications was determined, and correlated with relevant risk factors by univariate and multivariate analysis. The effect on patient and graft survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier statistics. There were 100 complications in 96 patients (8%); urinary leaks occurred in 37, ureteric strictures in 23 and lymphoceles causing ureteric obstruction in 17. Percutaneous needle biopsy was complicated by haematuria and clot anuria in six patients. Late complications included 11 cases of stones, four of bladder malignancy and two of haemorrhagic cystitis. There was evidence that the age of the recipients (< 10 years), method of establishing urinary continuity (uretero-ureteric anastomosis) and a high dose of steroids had an independent positive effect on the incidence of urological complications. However, their development did not influence graft or patient survival. When there is meticulous attention to the technical details, renal transplantation should incur few urological complications. Early intervention with percutaneous drainage reduces morbidity and the likelihood loss of graft function. Proper and prompt management should not affect the graft and/or the patient's survival.