Abstract
Introduction: Cases of bacterial resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) have increased significantly, mainly due to indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. Objective: Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms isolated in urine cultures of patients of Consórcio Intermunicipal de Saúde da Comunidade dos Municípios da Região de Campo Mourão (CISCOMCAM) clinical laboratory. Method: We performed a retrospective study of data from urine culture and sensitivity done between January 2012 and December 2013. Results: The most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli; women were the most affected gender and people 16-45 years, the most affected age group. The sensitivity profile showed that the antimicrobial combination trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole was not associated with the highest rate of bacterial resistance (59.7%) and the combination of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid showed the lowest resistance rate (15.3%). For most antimicrobials, including ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, the rates of bacterial resistance have increased from 2012 to 2013 with statistical significance (p < 0.05) in some cases. Discussion: The prevalence of Gram-negative bacilli in urinary infections is due to the fact that intestinal flora is rich in enterobacteria, and women are most affected by anatomical factors. The development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials probably arises from their indiscriminate use. Conclusion: The rate of microbial resistance has risen, showing the need for a more effective control of antimicrobial use.
Highlights
Cases of bacterial resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) have increased significantly, mainly due to indiscriminate use of antimicrobials
Microorganisms may reach the urinary tract via the ascending route, the urethra, or the descending route, with bacteria establishing themselves within the kidneys, which may originate from the lymphatic or hematogenous circulation[3, 6, 13]
The causative agents of UTIs generally belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family; the present microorganism and the infection rates may vary according to gender, age group and patient origin[1, 12, 13]
Summary
Cases of bacterial resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) have increased significantly, mainly due to indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. Results: The most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli; women were the most affected gender and people 16-45 years, the most affected age group. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second major cause of community- and hospital-acquired infections[14]. The causative agents of UTIs generally belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family; the present microorganism and the infection rates may vary according to gender, age group and patient origin[1, 12, 13]. Escherichia coli is one of the most frequently bacteria isolated in patients with UTIs, being responsible for 60%-90% of the community cases, and 50%-60% of the hospital cases. In hospital-acquired infections, the most frequently isolated bacteria are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
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