Urban Environmental Risk Spatial Pattern Assessment Supported by Remote Sensing and GIS—Shanghai, China

Abstract

With the economic development, the environmental problem has become a global problem affecting the sustainable development of human beings. Starting from the urban scale, this paper comprehensively selects the spatial factors that can represent urban economic development, human production and life, industrial distribution, natural habitat, land cover and other factors that affect environmental change. These spatial impact factors are distance to the Shanghai city center, distance to the district centers, distance to national level development zones, distance to municipal development zone, distance to forests, land surface temperature, refers to ambient air particles with a diameter of 2.5 µ or less and average building floor area ratio. The environmental risk in Shanghai is evaluated by criteria importance though intermarriage correlation method, and the range of environmental risk assessment score is [0, 1], the higher the score is, the higher the environmental risk is. In order to further intuitively identify the areas requiring management and restoration of urban environmental risks, we divided the environmental risk score into the 4 levels (I, II, III and IV) of environmental risk. Shanghai environmental risk assessment results show that: the spatial pattern of environmental risk in Shanghai presents from downtown to suburban area. The regions with environmental risk management level I and II are mainly concentrated in Chongming, so it only needs to continue to maintain and does not need to invest large manpower and financial resources for restoration and protection. Generally speaking, the areas with environmental risk management level IV are mainly concentrated in the downtown, Baoshan, Jiading and Minhang, the environmental risk supervision of these areas should be strengthened.