Urban environmental pollution in external and internal environments by PM2.5 particulate matter and the sick building syndrome: an overview

Abstract

Abstract
 A healthy environment must have air free of pollution, but this issue has always existed and now affects the entire population. The PM2.5 particulate matter, which primarily originates from the car fleet, is one of the pollutants that has the biggest impact. With the energy crisis in the 1970s and the ensuing construction of closed buildings (without natural ventilation), primarily in developed countries, indoor air quality emerged as a science. It then gained importance when it was found that the declining ventilation levels in those nations were largely to blame for the rising concentrations of pollutants in indoor air. The occupants of buildings themselves make a considerable contribution to the pollution of these settings through their activities, and it is well acknowledged that poor ventilation is one of the most critical factors affecting indoor air quality. Sick building syndrome and poor indoor air quality are both connected to ailments like colds, allergies, and coughing. The application of special legislation must be integrated with research and education of building occupants to effectively provide a healthy environment. The goal of this review is to analyze various findings from investigations on the effects of PM2.5 particulate matter pollution on the internal and exterior urban environment, as well as the effects of these concentrations on human health. By comparing the findings with other studies, it is possible to compare the findings and identify some common behaviors of fine particles, determining the concentration differences in the environments and showing how different sources and conditions can produce different variations in concentrations.