Abstract
Even in dry state, wood can be prone to biological degradation. Preservation is a prerequisite to confer pro-tection and durability to wood. This is conventionally achieved by impregnating the wood with pesticides.A key point in these treatments is the complex process of wood penetrability. We focused on the relation between the penetration of wood preservatives, wood microstructure, and the physical characteristics of formulations in the impregnation of the easily impregnable pine (Pinus sylvestris), and the refractory spruce (Picea abies). In this work, specimens from the two species were impregnated with three types of commercial bio-based emul-sion gels formulations containing insecticides and fungicides. The effect of treatment method using dipping, surface spraying, and vacuum-impregnation, on the retention of the active agents was analyzed. Visual assess-ment, and qualitative and quantitative analyses of cypermethrin, permethrin and propiconazole by gas liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy showed enhanced penetration of the active agents, and revealed differences of penetration performance of each agent. The suitable combinations of solvents and surfactants used in the bio-based formulations enabled rapid wood penetration and high yields retention. The capacity of penetration and retention of our gel formulations is discussed in terms of the connectivity of the conducting cells network of the two wood species
Highlights
As a natural material, wood is degradable under the action of microorganisms, insects, and natural borers
Several factors affect the efficacy of the treatments such as the impregnable or refractory nature of the wood species, the characteristics of the pesticide formulation, the processes of liquid transportation in wood cells and the type of technology implemented (Evans 2003)
The main types of treatment technologies include surface coating such as dipping, spraying, brushing, or vacuum-impregnation, the latter being used for refractory species, and even by incision
Summary
Wood is degradable under the action of microorganisms, insects, and natural borers. Penetration of agents is the key impregnation. Several factors affect the efficacy of the treatments such as the impregnable or refractory nature of the wood species, the characteristics of the pesticide formulation, the processes of liquid transportation in wood cells and the type of technology implemented (Evans 2003). The main types of treatment technologies include surface coating such as dipping, spraying, brushing, or vacuum-impregnation, the latter being used for refractory species, and even by incision. Preservative penetrations (Civardi et al 2015) depends on the solvent type such as water-based or organic solvent-based solutions and or suspensions, supercritical carbon dioxide (Kang et al 2005), hydrogel formulations (Obounou Akong et al 2013), emulsions (macro-, microand nano-) (Du et al 2016), as well as on the polarity of the active agents (Zhang et al 2006).
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