Abstract
Solanum nigrum L., is traditionally used for the management of the various liver disorders. Investigating the effect of polarity based fractionation of S. nigrum for its hepatoprotective effect on Hep G2 cells in vitro to provide base of its activity by quantifying in steroidal glycosides responsible for hepatoprotective potential. A new UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method following a high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) has been developed and validated for quantification of steroidal glycosides and aglycone (solasonine, solamargine, and solasodine, respectively). The in vitro antioxidant potential, total phenolics, and flavonoid content were also determined in different fractions. The newly developed UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and HPTLC methods were linear (r2 ≥ 0.99), precise, accurate, and showing recovery more than 97%. The n-butanol enriched fraction of S. nigrum berries was found to be the most potent hepatoprotective fraction against all other fractions as it showed significantly (p < 0.01) better in vitro anti-oxidant potential than other fractions. Quantification by both methods revealed that, content of steroidal glycosides and aglycones are more than 20% in n-butanol fraction as compared to other fractions. The screened steroidal glycoside n-butanol enriched fraction underwent bioefficacy studies against D-galactosamine and H2O2 induced toxicity in HepG2 cell line showing significant (p < 0.05) liver protection. However, developed method can be used for the quality control analysis with respect to targeted metabolites and it can be explored for the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis in future.
Highlights
In western and developing countries, liver disorders including liver cirrhosis and drug induced liver injury are the leading cause of death
We developed a method for isolation of steroidal glycosides enriched fraction from S. nigrum and which can be used as therapeutic medicine as parallel to modern system of medicine
Plant material collected from local fields of Aligarh (India) and was authenticated in Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard as per protocol described in Ayurveda pharmacopeia (Anonymous, 2014)
Summary
In western and developing countries, liver disorders including liver cirrhosis and drug induced liver injury are the leading cause of death. Herbal medicines have been used to treat liver disorders have become a promising therapy it plays a key role, where 65% of patients in US and Europe depend on herbal preparations for the treatment of liver diseases (Zhang et al, 2013)
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