Abstract
In this article, we review the current surgical options for refractive error and presbyopia, including laser refractive surgery and intraocular lens surgery. A wide range of surgical treatments are available for treating refractive error. Refractive surgeons today can correct higher levels of ametropia and presbyopia more safely and predictably. Laser vision correction has been established as a safe and effective method for treating refractive error; however, the potential benefits of a wider range of procedures including refractive lens exchange and phakic intraocular implants are potentially useful in selected patients. Refractive surgeons are able to provide patients with many options for the correction of refractive error. Selecting the safest and most appropriate technique for each individual patient is critical. This article discusses the various options available and specific considerations to take into account for myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia in turn.
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