Abstract
Weld examination on Tube Test Specimen using TOFD. In contrast to the pulse echo technique, which is based on the sound field reflection at the flaw surface, the Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique uses the diffraction of the sound field at the flaw tips. For this purpose two angle beam probes for longitudinal waves are used in a pitch and catch arrangement. The transducers are positioned at both sides of the welding seam and are moved parallel to it during the measurement. The diffraction at the flaw tips causes different time of flight values with respect to the upper and lower flaw tip. Time dependent signals are stored in a series of A-scan pictures, which can finally be represented in a B-picture, which has to be interpreted. As investigations show there are additional useful information concerning defect size which can be given by TOFD, but pulse echo techniques with additional radiographic testing cannot be substituted by TOFD.
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