Abstract
Abstract This study focuses on unsanctioned births — fertility that violates family planning regulations — in China. A theoretical framework is established, based on the cultural conflict perspective of deviance. The normative conflicts between the traditional norms of large family sizes and current family planning rules are explicated. TheChina's In-Depth Fertility Survey, with a sample of 6,654 Chinese ever-married women aged 49 or younger, is used to explore the relationships between unsanctioned births and socioeconomic development, influences of the traditional fertility norms and previous reproductive experiences. Multivariate analysis findings indicate that the traditional ideal of large family sizes, son preferences, socioeconomic development, types of employment, areas of residence, failed pregnancies and fertility discussions between husbands and wives are significantly related to unsanctioned births. In addition, the analyses reveal different patterns between rural and urban samples in terms of the impacts of individual variables on unsanctioned fertility, and different explanatory powers of the models. Several relevant issues drawn from the findings are discussed, including the relationships between unsanctioned births and rural-urban differences as well as the normative conflicts of fertility in China.
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