Abstract
Activation of the tumor and stromal cell-driven angiogenic program is one of the first requirements in the tumor ecosystem for growth and dissemination. The understanding of the dynamic angiogenic tumor ecosystem has rapidly evolved over the last decades. Beginning with the canonical sprouting angiogenesis, followed by vasculogenesis and intussusception, and finishing with vasculogenic mimicry, the need for different neovascularization mechanisms is further explored. In addition, an overview of the orchestration of angiogenesis within the tumor ecosystem cellular and molecular components is provided. Clinical evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of traditional vessel-directed antiangiogenics, stressing on the important role of angiogenesis in tumor establishment, dissemination, and growth. Particular focus is placed on the interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding ecosystem, which is now regarded as a promising target for the development of new antiangiogenics.
Highlights
Reviewed by: Ronca Roberto, University of Brescia, Italy Anca Maria Cimpean, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania Miguel Ángel Medina, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
Far ahead from the traditional idea that neoplasms are merely characterized by the tumor cells, tumors are regarded as a heterogeneous association of both tumor and stromal cells that contribute in an interconnected fashion to malignant progression
The tumor ecosystem remains a bustling interchange of tumor cells, secreted molecules, and native tissue elements that, acting together, control the balance toward a proangiogenic program activation
Summary
Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Molecular and Cellular Oncology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology. Activation of the tumor and stromal cell-driven angiogenic program is one of the first requirements in the tumor ecosystem for growth and dissemination. The understanding of the dynamic angiogenic tumor ecosystem has rapidly evolved over the last decades. An overview of the orchestration of angiogenesis within the tumor ecosystem cellular and molecular components is provided. Clinical evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of traditional vessel-directed antiangiogenics, stressing on the important role of angiogenesis in tumor establishment, dissemination, and growth. Particular focus is placed on the interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding ecosystem, which is regarded as a promising target for the development of new antiangiogenics
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