Unpreventable Maternal Death In Spite Of the Advances in Antenatal Care; a Case Report

Abstract

Aortic dissection (AoD) is a very rare but potentially fatal entity during pregnancy. The incidence of acute aortic dissection during pregnancy is about 0.4 cases per 100 000 persons yearly. A 28-year-old 38-week primi was referred to the hospital following sudden onset of burning epigastric pain which developed while returning from the routine visit to the cardiologist. She was treated for gastritis in the ward and a few hours later she developed shortness of breath, tight chest pain and tachycardia. Emergency LSCS was done and a live baby was delivered and she had sudden cardiac arrest soon after the extubation, in spite of the intensive resuscitation measures including six units of blood transfusion. She was diagnosed with mild aortic regurgitation and trivial mitral regurgitation before the pregnancy and was referred to the cardiologist during the first trimester and was confirmed with low cardiac risk. She was seen by the cardiologist during all 3 trimesters and was concluded with low cardiac risk. The autopsy revealed 2750 ml of blood in the chest cavity and 750 ml of blood in the abdominal cavity. There was a collection of blood which was infiltrated into the mediastinal tissues around the aorta. There were macroscopic features of aortic dissection and the microscopy of the aorta revealed degeneration of tunica media, a through and through tear on intima with leakage of blood into the surrounding tissues. This case report illustrates that the pregnancy itself is a risk factor for the development of AoD which leads to the catastrophic disorder in pregnancy.