Abstract
In the past two decades, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used in many scientific research fields for various applications. In particular, the use of UAVs for magnetic surveys has become a hot spot and is expected to be actively applied in the future. A considerable amount of literature has been published on the use of UAVs for magnetic surveys, however, how to choose the platform and reduce the interference of UAV to the collected data have not been discussed systematically. There are two primary aims of this study: (1) To ascertain the basis of UAV platform selection and (2) to investigate the characteristics and suppression methods of UAV magnetic interference. Systematic reviews were performed to summarize the results of 70 academic studies (from 2005 to 2021) and outline the research tendencies for applying UAVs in magnetic surveys. This study found that multi-rotor UAVs have become the most widely used type of UAVs in recent years because of their advantages such as easiness to operate, low cost, and the ability of flying at a very low altitude, despite their late appearance. With the improvement of the payload capacity of UAVs, to use multiple magnetometers becomes popular since it can provide more abundant information. In addition, this study also found that the most commonly used method to reduce the effects of the UAV’s magnetic interference is to increase the distance between the sensors and the UAV, although this method will bring about other problems, e.g., the directional and positional errors of sensors caused by erratic movements, the increased risk of impact to the magnetometers. The pros and cons of different types of UAV, magnetic interference characteristics and suppression methods based on traditional aeromagnetic compensation and other methods are discussed in detail. This study contributes to the classification of current UAV applications as well as the data processing methods in magnetic surveys.
Highlights
Results of this study demonstrate that low flight altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) magnetic surveys can reliably collect data at an increased resolution when compared with manned airborne magnetic surveys, it can provide a superior logistical advantage for exploration projects under complex terrains compared with traditional ground magnetic surveys
This method cannot be directly applied to the compensation of UAV platform interferences because: (1) the flight altitude of traditional aeromagnetic surveys is usually 100–500 m, where the background magnetic field can be considered as uniform, while the flight height of UAVs is usually a few meters to tens of meters above ground level (AGL), where the background magnetic field cannot be regarded as a uniform field, and (2) for multi-rotor UAVs, it is very difficult to implement standard compensation flight under technical and legal norms, which means that it is difficult to establish the relationship between maneuvers and interference
This review provides an analysis of the magnetic surveys conducted by the UAVs in the past two decades, in addition, studies on characterizing the magnetic interference of
Summary
The compensation coefficients are estimated by establishing a set of equations of aircraft maneuvers and interference field [49,50,51] This method cannot be directly applied to the compensation of UAV platform interferences because: (1) the flight altitude of traditional aeromagnetic surveys is usually 100–500 m, where the background magnetic field can be considered as uniform, while the flight height of UAVs is usually a few meters to tens of meters above ground level (AGL), where the background magnetic field cannot be regarded as a uniform field, and (2) for multi-rotor UAVs, it is very difficult to implement standard compensation flight under technical and legal norms, which means that it is difficult to establish the relationship between maneuvers and interference. The discussion of the of research and theand outlook for the future work are work provided discussed
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