Unlocking the performance of sodium-ion batteries by coating Na3V2(PO4)3 with Nb2O5

With the rapid development of electronic devices, energy storage systems with excellent performance are required. To be used in cold climates and high-altitude areas, it is required that the battery should work stably and operate safely even when the temperature drops below freezing point. Sodium-ion batteries arouse great attention, because of their high safety, good capacity in both high and low-temperature environments, along with their abundant sodium resources in the earth's crust. But for practical applications, the kinetics of sodium-ion batteries become slow when working at low temperatures. The performance deteriorates with the temperature decreases. Therefore, researchers have carried out a lot of research to overcome these problems in the low-temperature environment. For example, the energy storage performance of sodium-ion batteries can be improved by optimizing the positive and negative electrodes, separators, and electrolytes. Among them, optimizing the electrolyte is critical to improving the energy storage performance of sodium-ion batteries. Because the electrolyte is an important part, which is in contact with each part of the battery as a medium, which is mainly composed of solvents, electrolyte salts, and additives. During the charge/discharge processes of the battery, the electrolyte plays a role to act as an ionic conductor to transfer Na + between the positive and negative electrodes and link then together. Additionally, the electrolyte will also directly participate in the reaction on the electrode surface and form SEI film. Thus, it is one of the most economical and effective means to enhance the low-temperature performance by modifying the electrolyte. This paper, summarizing the reports on the electrolyte of low-temperature sodium-ion batteries at home and abroad, sorting out and analyzing the solid, liquid, and gel electrolytes, clarifies how to making the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries better by optimizing electrolytes.

Engineering pseudocapacitive MnMoO4@C microrods for high energy sodium ion hybrid capacitors

Hard carbon was prepared from biomass with a high degree of crystallinity using hydrothermal pretreatment, which improved the electrochemical performance in sodium-ion batteries.

The battery is a storage medium for electrical energy for electronic devices developed effectively and efficiently. Sodium ion battery provide large-scale energy storage systems attributed to the natural existence of the sodium element on earth. The relatively inexpensive production costs and abundant sodium resources in nature make sodium ion batteries attractive to research. Currently, sodium ion batteries electrochemical performance is still less than lithium-ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of a sodium ion battery depends on the type of electrode material used in the manufacture of the batteries.. The main problem is to find a suitable electrode material with a high specific capacity and is stable. It is a struggle to increase the performance of sodium ion batteries. This literature study studied how to prepare high-performance sodium battery anodes through salt doping. The doping method is chosen to increase conductivity and electron transfer. Besides, this method still takes into account the factors of production costs and safety. The abundant coffee waste biomass in Indonesia was chosen as a precursor to preparing a sodium ion battery hard carbon anode to overcome environmental problems and increase the economic value of coffee grounds waste. Utilization of coffee grounds waste as hard carbon is an innovative solution to the accumulation of biomass waste and supports environmentally friendly renewable energy sources in Indonesia.

Recent research in electrochemical storage devices focus not only on improving lithium ion batteries technique (e.g. safety, energy density) but also on utilizing different storage types such as sodium ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, and super-capacitors. Among various topics of energy storage devices, biomass derived carbon has attracted interest for its economic and environment benefits. Pistachio shell has been used in this study for its structural benefits for various energy storage application. Pistachio shell derived carbon (PC) shows a macroporous channel and micro-pores architecture. The macroporous channel enables facile penetration of ions and electrolyte into the material while micro-pores provides more active sites and withstand the volume expansion of ions during repeated charge/discharge cycles. This makes this material attractive for lithium ion / sodium ion / lithium sulfur batteries and even super-capacitor. In this work, the characteristics of pistachio shell structure and its performances in sodium ion and Li-S batteries is presented. The optimum carbonization temperature for pistachio shell is studied to maximize the performance in sodium ion batteries. In-depth study on plausible sodium storage mechanism by understanding the characteristics of PC (surface area, crystal information) at different temperature is conducted as well. Further application using PC as a sulfur reservoir to restrict the polysulfide shuttling effect in Li-S batteries is purposed. Fundamental study (e.g. Raman, XPS, SEM) on how PC structure and chemical anchor improves the cyclability of Li-S batteries is discussed. This work successfully shows promising result with using pistachio shell in different energy storage systems. Figure 1

Sodium birnessite@graphene hierarchical structures for ultrafast sodium ion storage

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are increasingly recognized as a viable alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage solutions. SIBs provide several economic and practical advantages over LIBs, such as the lower cost of sodium resources, the abundance of sodium, and the ability to utilize more affordable materials like aluminum instead of copper for current collectors. These factors make SIBs well-suited for applications like peak shaving and energy redistribution from renewable sources [1].However, SIBs face considerable challenges, particularly in achieving high rate capability and stability at elevated current densities [2]. The performance of SIBs is heavily influenced by the properties of the anode material. Recent research has focused on optimizing carbon-based anodes to enhance the electrochemical performance of SIBs. In particular, mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres (MPNCs) have shown promise due to their unique structural characteristics, which facilitate ion diffusion and improve overall battery performance [3].In this study, we investigated MPNC materials treated at different carbonization temperatures as potential anode materials for SIBs. The materials tested demonstrated excellent long-term stability with minimal capacity loss. At high current densities, the MPNCs exhibited strong capacity retention and high power density, representing a significant improvement over previous approaches. These findings suggest that MPNCs hold great potential as anode materials for high-power SIBs. References Hwang, J. Y., Myung, S. T., & Sun, Y. K. (2017). Sodium-ion batteries: present and future. Chemical Society Reviews, 46(12), 3529-3614.Rostami, H., Valio, J., Suominen, P., Tynjälä, P., & Lassi, U. (2024). Advancements in cathode technology, recycling strategies, and market dynamics: A comprehensive review of sodium ion batteries. Chemical Engineering Journal, 153471.Rützler, A., Büttner, J., Oechsler, J., Balaghi, S. E., Küspert, S., Ortlieb, N., & Fischer, A. (2024). Mesoporous N‐Doped Carbon Nanospheres as Anode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries with High Rate Capability and Superior Power Densities. Advanced Functional Materials, 2401188.

Organic liquid electrolytes in sodium-based batteries: Actualities and perspectives

As an ideal candidate for the next generation of large‐scale energy storage devices, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have received great attention due to their low cost. However, the practical utility of SIBs faces constraints imposed by geographical and environmental factors, particularly in high‐altitude and cold regions. In these areas, the low‐temperature (LT) performance of SIBs presents a pressing technological challenge that requires significant breakthroughs. In LT environments, the electrochemical reaction kinetics of SIBs are sluggish, the electrode/electrolyte interface is unstable, and the diffusion of sodium ions in electrode materials is slow, leading to a decrease in battery performance. Therefore, the reasonable design of electrolyte and electrode materials is of great significance for optimizing the LT performance of SIBs. In this review, the research progress of LT SIBs electrolytes, cathode, and anode materials, as well as sodium metal batteries and solid‐state electrolytes is systematically summarized in recent years, aiming to understand the design principles of LT SIBs, clarify the basic research and development of high‐performance SIBs in practical applications, and promote the development of SIBs technology in the full temperature range.

Delving into the dissimilarities in electrochemical performance and underlying mechanisms for sodium and potassium ion storage in N-doped carbon-encapsulated metallic Cu2Se nanocubes

A multiphase coupling strategy to structurally stable manganese-based oxides cathode for high electrochemical performance sodium ion batteries

The performance of Sodium-Ion Battery, SIB, with NaFePO4 cathode prepared from local iron sand was investigated. The NaFePO4 was prepared through electrochemical sodiation to FePO4 layer on aluminium substrate. NaFePO4 prepared from local iron sand (from NTB, Indonesia) is named as NFP_A. The result is compared to the performance of SIB with NaFePO4 cathode prepared from a commercial FePO4, which is named as NFP_B. The SIB was fabricated in a split cell test type and a pouch type. Battery performance was measured by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) analysis, Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) testing, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. CV analysis found that sodium intercalation and de-intercalation curve in NFP_A is similar to the CV curve of NFP_B. The reduction peak presents at -2.98 V and -2.99 V for NFP_A and NFP_B, respectively. Those peaks represent Na+ intercalation into FePO4 layer. The oxidation peaks, that represent deintercalation from NaFePO4 appears at 3.31 and 3.96 V. Split cell SIB with NFP_A as cathode provides 100 cycles under 1 C and 3 C current drawn. Meanwhile, the pouch type only provides 50 cycles before the capacity loss under 1 C current drawn. Each type has 100 % Coulombic efficiency indicates that all of the charged-ion can be completely discharged.

Enhancing electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries: Optimal Ca2+ doping in O3-NaNi0.33Mn0.33Fe0.33O2 layered oxide cathode materials

Weak van der Waals interactions between interlayers of two-dimensional layered materials result in disabled across-interlayer electron transfer and poor layered structural stability, seriously deteriorating their performance in energy applications. Herein, we propose a novel covalent assembly strategy for MoS2 nanosheets to realize unique MoS2 /SnS hollow superassemblies (HSs) by using SnS nanodots as covalent linkages. The covalent assembly based on all-inorganic and carbon-free concept enables effective across-interlayer electron transfer, facilitated ion diffusion kinetics, and outstanding mechanical stability, which are evidenced by experimental characterization, DFT calculations, and mechanical simulations. Consequently, the MoS2 /SnS HSs exhibit superb rate performance and long cycling stability in lithium-ion batteries, representing the best comprehensive performance in carbon-free MoS2 -based anodes to date. Moreover, the MoS2 /SnS HSs also show excellent sodium storage performance in sodium-ion batteries.

Origin of anomalous high-rate Na-ion electrochemistry in layered bismuth telluride anodes