Abstract
Vehicle electrification can pave the way towards zero emission transport sector, provided renewable sources fulfil the major stakes of the electricity demand. While pushing this technology for a global scale implementation, several performance hurdles of the electric vehicle (EV) power unit are to be overcome. Many of the predicaments arise due to the negative sensitivity of Lithium-ion battery performance to elevated working temperatures. For the seamless operation of EVs in a hot climate, we examine a novel passive cooling system in this study. This cooling system features two distinct types of heat extraction media: a) PCM based isothermal storage-based heat sink and b) fin based augmented thermal transport-based heat sink. These two sub-components are investigated in mutually competitive and complementing scenarios to understand the relative contributions of each component in heat extraction and realize the maximum cooling potential achievable from a combined implementation. We analyse on a case-by-case basis the variations in the different heat extraction modes arising due to intensive material properties such as thermal diffusivity and extensive properties such as retrofit dimensions. Comparison of heat rates for the two cooling mechanisms shows that PCM and fin sub-components share a mass ratio (MR) and length ratio (LR) of 0.8 and 1, respectively, in their combined operation to achieve maximum cooling of 142.1 W. A maximum temperature drop of 29.3 K could be realized with the proposed passive cooling system, which is sufficient to maintain a favourable operating temperature for the EV power unit in a hot climate. A new index, VSR has been introduced based on non-dimensional input parameters. Finally, this study develops a set of two correlations that can be used to estimate the thermal performance of a battery pack with different retrofit materials and design variables.
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