Unicoronal Craniosynostosis: Is There a Lateral Difference in Retinal Morphology?

Abstract

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of cranial sutures in pediatric patients, which may lead to elevated intracranial pressure due to cerebro-cephalic disproportion between a growing brain and constricted skull. It is unknown whether this increased pressure is distributed equally throughout the cranial vault, or whether certain areas of the brain experience greater pressure at these regions of premature osseous fusion. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive modality for detecting elevated intracranial pressure. Optical coherence tomography was utilized to measure the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients undergoing surgical correction of craniosynostosis. Retinal nerve fiber layer in the eye ipsilateral to the unicoronal suture fusion was compared to the RNFL in the eye contralateral to the unicoronal suture fusion. During the study interval, 21 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age at operative intervention was 8.0 months, and 28.6% patients presented with left-sided unicoronal craniosynostosis, whereas 71.4% of patients presented with right-sided unicoronal craniosynostosis. Rather than universal increase on the affected side of coronal suture fusion, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness parameters showed a rotation phenomenon, such that the patterns of elevation had a 45° circumferential rotation in the direction of intorsion. The explanation for these results remains elusive, but they likely indicate either intracranial changes transmitted differentially to the peripapillary retina, or differing retinal morphology, between the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes in unicoronal craniosynostosis.