Abstract
HBV vaccination effectively prevents HBV transmission and the development of liver cancer. Disease progression and liver-related complications are more common in HIV-1/HBV co-infected than HBV mono-infected individuals. A considerable body of literature, which will be reviewed here, indicates that response to HBV vaccine is suboptimal in HIV-1-infected individuals and that the poor maintenance of protective immunity to HBV vaccines in these individuals is an important medical issue. Several factors affect HBV vaccine response during HIV-1 infection including CD4+ T cell counts, B cell response, vaccine formulation, schedules, and timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The initial response to HBV vaccination also plays a critical role in the sustainability of antibody responses in both HIV-1-infected and uninfected vaccinees. Thus, regular follow-up for antibody titer and a booster dose is warranted to prevent HBV transmission in HIV-1 infected people.
Highlights
Vaccines are among the most powerful health interventions and have significantly contributed to prolonging life expectancy worldwide
The present review aims at summarizing current knowledge on responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination and the need for a booster dose in HIV-1-infected individuals
In a study recently conducted in our laboratory, we showed that primary response to HBV vaccine, measured by antibody titers to HBV surface (HBs) antigen, correlated with the frequency of resting and switched memory B cells in HIV-1 infected children [33]
Summary
Vaccines are among the most powerful health interventions and have significantly contributed to prolonging life expectancy worldwide In this regard, hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination is the ideal example for the prevention of chronic infection and related complications including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia are considered to be high chronic HBV endemic regions and around 10% of HIV-positive individuals are co-infected with HBV [14]. This is an important medical concern considering that people with co-morbidity and/or immunocompromised individuals especially with HIV have a higher chance of developing chronic HBV infection and may die with liver-related complications. All articles with full text were included, and those lacking vaccine dosage, terms of protection, schedules and rate of response were excluded.)
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