Understanding Visually Impaired Tramway Passengers' Interaction with Public Transport Systems

A variety of healthcare robots for elderly care have been developed. However, as the elderly and caregivers experience psychological resistance towards not only new technologies but specifically to robots, the adoption of healthcare robots has scarcely progressed. This article aims to develop a service design method, which consists of a design process including design tools to identify jobs in an elderly care facility and to reveal what kinds of jobs to assign to service robots and to caregivers. This article develops a design method which is composed of six steps and adopts original design tools to identify jobs needed in elderly care facilities and assign them to human and non-human actors, including service robots. The tools include an actor map to visualize the Actor to Actor (A2A) network, a current jobs to be done (JTBD) worksheet to visualize existing jobs, a new JTBD worksheet to visualize new jobs, and an actor worksheet to summarize information about each actor including their philosophy. With this design method, we conducted a series of workshops with the aim to develop a service fulfilled by humans and non-humans at an elderly care facility in Shizuoka prefecture in Japan. The results of questionnaires administered to the workshop participants demonstrated the effectiveness of all the tools except the new JTBD worksheet. Also, the results of interviews with employees in the elderly care facility indicated the effectiveness of the approach, which reveals visible and invisible regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive elements through interviews with human actors, and embeds them in the service design process. The design method including the original design tools proposed in this article contribute to a service design method for the use of robots in elderly care facilities by allocating jobs to human actors and non-human actors appropriately, and it also contributes to the issue of psychological resistance to the adoption of service robots in these facilities, which brings efficiencies to society. The contribution of this article is to reframe the issue of resistance to the adoption of service robots in elderly care facilities to the issue of what kinds of jobs in an elderly care facility should be assigned to service robots or caregivers, and the development of a service design process including original design tools.

Recent literature shows that adopting an accounting information system (AIS) can lead to better decision-making, planning, efficiency and on-time management control, and organisational functionality. However, the impact of AIS implementation on role creation in the organisation is unclear. With the digital transformation of AIS and daily advances in machine learning and other innovative technologies, it is also unclear how these changes interact with human roles in organisations and which AIS components are considered essential. This paper addresses the above issues by applying the actor-network theory to examine the impact of deep machine learning modules in predicting the human actor roles in accounting information systems in organisations. We targeted 120 human actors and examined the influence of deep machine learning modules in predicting 11 personnel and professional features of human actors, based on multivariate statistical analysis. Our findings show that two human factors (familiarity with accounting information and time spent on becoming familiar with it) are the most influential elements that can predict the human actor roles in accounting information systems in organisations. So, human and non-human actors are both essential parts of an integrated AIS that must be considered. The current literature has focused on the AIS structure with less on the interaction between human and non-human actors. One of the main contributions of this study is providing evidence that AIS heavily relies on its human and non-human actors to form a coherent and united AIS network to promote AIS management strategies. The practical implication of the results is that investing in either technology or human resources alone is not enough to achieve the best productivity and performance in organisations. Instead, there must be a balance between human and non-human actors.

This article presents a study describing the agency of non-human entities within a mathematics education practice involving a teacher and seven high school students from a Brazilian public school. Data collected through observations were analyzed using Actor-Network Theory, mainly drawing on Bruno Latour's sociological insights. The analysis suggested that viewing mathematics education as a complex network of interconnected human and non-human actors allows us to understand how non-human agents contribute to performing a mathematics task. This study provided valuable insights into the role of these agents, revealing whether they act. Elements such as computers, calculators, the task itself, and the computer lab did not operate as mere tools but as active agents that influenced decisions, generated conflicts, and redirected the learning process in mathematics. The analysis also suggests that these non-human and human actors take on different roles, sometimes as intermediaries when their influence goes unnoticed, and sometimes as mediators when they actively intervene and alter the course of action. Furthermore, the study highlights the instability of hybrid association networks, showing how students’ leadership and strategies are constantly reshaped through interactions with various material objects.

본 연구는 기존의 표준관련 연구가 실제로 표준이 만들어지고 보급되는 제반 사회적 환경과 다중 이해관계자가 존재하는 복합적인 사회시스템에서의 행위자 역할 및 변화과정을 조망하는 작업이 충분히 이루어지지 못했다는 데에서 문제의식을 갖고 출발한다. 이를 배경으로 본 연구는 사회-기술적 제도 환경의 맥락에서 각기 다른 이해관계를 가진 참여자들이 혁신적인 기술을 개발해 표준화해가는 동태적 과정을 사회-기술적 접근으로 재구성하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위한 세부 목표는 첫째, 표준화 과정을 둘러싼 사회-기술적 네트워크에서 인간 행위자 간, 인간과 비인간 행위자와의 상호작용 관계의 특징을 살펴보는 것이다. 둘째로는 표준화 과정을 선도한 핵심 행위자의 활동과 역할의 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 행위자-네트워크 이론(Actor Network Theory)에 기초하여 한국에서 진행된 고화질 3DTV방송기술의 표준화 과정의 동태적 속성을 분석하였다. 분석방법은 연구자가 행위자-네트워크에 직접 참여하여 동태적 특성을 분석하고, 설문 인터뷰와 심층 인터뷰를 통한 질적 연구의 방법을 적용, 표준 형성과정에 나타난 제반 환경-행위-기술 동학을 고찰하였다. This study is devised out of the recognition that the existing standardization-related research has not sufficiently examined the overall social environment where a standard is actually made and diffused and the roles of the actors and the changes in them in the complex social system where multiple stakeholders exist. Against this backdrop, this study purports to reconstruct the dynamic process of developing and standardizing an innovative technology through a socio-technical approach involved by multiple stakeholders with different interests in the context of a socio-technical institutional environment. The specific goals to achieve the purpose include first, inspecting the characteristics of the interactions between the human actors and between the human and non-human actors in the socio-technical network surrounding a standardization process. Second, the study aimed to observe the activities of the focal actor who led the standardization process and its changing role. To that end, it analyzed the dynamic features of the process of standardizing a HD 3DTV broadcasting technology that took place in South Korea based on the actor network theory. As for the analysis method, the researchers personally took part in the actor network involving the new technology to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the network, applying the qualitative research method of survey and in-depth interviews and exploring the overall dynamics of environment, behavior and technology observed over the course of the entire standardization process.

Rural community development in China has made progress under the rapid implementation of the rural revitalization strategy; however, it has also revealed challenges such as an overemphasis on spatial construction, severe homogenization, and low sustainability. Existing research on rural community development lacks sufficient localized experience, and there is a limited understanding of how the development process is generated, maintained, and evolved. This study examines Xiongfan Village in Dawu County, Hubei Province, using an innovative methodological integration of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Social Network Analysis (SNA). This mixed-methods approach qualitatively traces the formation of networks involving both human and non-human actors, while quantitatively mapping the collaborative structure among human actors. Qualitative analysis of actor networks identifies both human actors (such as government departments, enterprises, social organizations, and villagers) and non-human actors (such as natural and cultural landscapes) as key participants. Through processes like recruitment, mobilization, and dispute resolution, various actors have formed interest alliances centered around the core issue of “revitalizing and sustainably developing rural community resources.” Quantitative social network analysis reveals a “core-periphery” structure, with government departments and social organizations occupying central roles, while business institutions and community villagers are positioned at the periphery. This distribution contrasts with the overarching goal of community development, which seeks to enhance villagers′ intrinsic motivation. The study suggests that rural community development in this area can be improved by diversifying co-construction forms, restructuring core groups, and empowering peripheral actors. These measures will facilitate a shift from single-space development to enhanced community capacity-building, ultimately promoting sustainable rural development.

The study of academic reading and writing has moved away from a predominantly cognitive focus towards one which views academic meaning-making as a complex set of socially-situated practices, (in work associated with the research fields of new literacy studies and multimodality). These fields of study acknowledge that literacy practices enrol social actors in (reflexive) processes of meaning- making and constitution of subjectivities via a range of semiotic resources, also recognising that these practices take place in increasingly multimodal contexts, additionally involving (complex processes concerning communication across the digital and the analogue). However, the agentive role of nonhuman actors and artefacts in these processes has received less attention in the literature. In particular, little research has been conducted into the embodied and material practices of meaning-making in contexts characterised by the presence of complex combinations of digital and print texts and artefacts. This paper will argue that within the contemporary university, meaning-making and textual practices have become saturated by digital mediation; raising research questions around the resultant role of nonhuman actors in the form of objects such as laptops, notebooks, mobile phones and books in the formation of texts, and also in the construction of student subjectivities. Drawing on posthuman and actor-network theories, this paper will report on a funded project investigating the day-to-day embodied and textual practices of 12 adult postgraduate students over a six month period, using multimodal journalling and in-depth case study interviews. The analysis will focus specifically on the ways in which mobile devices, screens and print literacy artefacts were variously enrolled in a complex set of posthuman semiotic practices. I will argue for the utility of Hayle’s (1999) notion of the posthuman and Latour’s (2005) concept of nonhuman actor as mediator in the analysis. Particular attention will be paid to the agentive roles these nonhuman actors play in the constitution /reconstitution of texts in settings where semiotic practices are distributed across multiple domains of practice such as university, public transport and home, and also across multiple networked devices and technologies of inscription. Illustrating these points with textual data, images and drawings, it will explore in particular the transcontextual boundary of digital / print and how objects act not only to create new assemblages – complex and evolving networks of human and nonhuman actors - but also to enable transitions across contextual boundaries, leading to blurring of binaries around authorship, presence and persistence of text.

We compare the scheme for educational dialogue analysis (SEDA) to the actor-network theory (ANT) for the analysis of educational dialogues. We show that ANT unearths the socio-material structure of classroom talk as networks in which human and non-human actors (texts, diagrams, instructions, etc.) exert power on each other. The application of ANT to classroom talk led us to identify (non-)dialogic networks when human actors are not subordinated (resp. subordinated) to other actors. Roles in networks are not predetermined but translated in interactions, and networks are often blackboxed, as the original process and circumstances of their creation might be ignored. We show then that the adoption of ANT (resp. SEDA) uncovers phenomena that SEDA (resp. ANT) did not identify. SEDA helps observe the co-construction of ideas and describe shifts from the dialogic to the non-dialogic but does not explain the mechanisms that lead to these shifts. ANT explains shifts from one network to another, as it conveys the change of power relations between the different actors, role of non-human actors, and shows how they shape the dynamics of networks in classroom talk. We draw from this comparison implications both for research and educational practice in dialogic education.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify how nonhuman actors contribute to solidarity in independent new film production. Specifically, it examines independent new film productions from a relationalist perspective, using actor-network-theory (ANT), which considers humans and nonhumans as equivalent actors and analyzes phenomena based on their interactions with each other. The research method used was ethnography with a focus on participant observation. One of the authors, a filmmaker and researcher, observed the inner workings of the filmmaking activity, while the other author observed the observer from an anthropologist’s perspective. In a previous paper, we found from the process of translation that the two nonhuman actors of the film’s original story and funding are inextricably linked, and the agency of the human actors surrounding them interacts with and transforms the nonhuman actors (Coney and Ito, 2021). In the present study, we analyzed the interaction with the solidarity among human actors in the process of film production by closely following the linkage of nonhuman actors such as provisional publicity materials, in addition to funds and scripts. In the process of filmmaking, the nonhuman actors often encounter unforeseen circumstances such as budget adjustments and filming postponement, but despite the setbacks, the nonhuman actors form a network in which they accept each other’s roles, and filmmaking is promoted by solidarity as human actors of the film become more interdependent through the agency working as an inclusive collective. The results of the study revealed that the human actors in film are interdependent and that their solidarity promotes filmmaking.

In this article, I seek to offer a story of how an industrialized East Asian country, Taiwan, transformed itself into not only a producer of solar photovoltaic (PV) products but also a user of such technology. By highlighting redesignable artifacts, sociotechnical rearrangement, and local government translators, I apply actor-network theory to describe and analyze the emerging phenomenon of solar farms in Ping-Tung County in southern Taiwan, which simultaneously involves human and nonhuman actors. During the postdisaster reconstruction after Typhoon Morakot, 23.481 MW of solar panels were installed in the flood-damaged orchards and fish ponds in central Ping-Tung. The sites of the solar farms are neither the rooftops of buildings nor industrial wastelands. Solar PV products transferred from Western countries to Taiwan are called “redesignable artifacts.” If a certain technological artifact can be redesigned in a certain society, there are a certain number of people who are familiar with such technology and are skilled in its use. In other words, a variety of industrial local knowledge and technological supporting networks are deployed evenly and densely in Taiwan. Artifacts that are “black-boxed” by solar PV manufacturers can have some agency to make new sociotechnical networks, but only through certain “translators.” In my case study, the most important translators are the magistrate of the county government and his green energy team. By connecting local knowledge with expert knowledge and by connecting sites of agriculture and aquaculture with PV equipment workshops, these translators make heterogeneous human and nonhuman actors work in the same sociotechnical network, a symbiotic network of PV technologies, agriculture, and aquaculture. With the black-boxed objects, the solar PV products, in hand, these translators can break up the traditional connections between local farmers and their lands and make new connections among solar PV manufacturers, local landlords, and their lands. In the process of connecting heterogeneous sites, every group redefines its interests and begins an agenda of group formation. Every actor is displaced and seeks a “sociotechnical rearrangement” with other actors.

Objective: This study examines the efficacy of enculturation of academic integrity, in the context of an automated student plagiarism management system (ASPMS) at a private higher education institution (PHEI) to provide heuristics for related endeavours. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main theory underpinning the research is the Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a mixed approach, incorporating both qualitative thematic analysis of transcripts of interviews with human actors and quantitative analyses of data gathered from the ASPMS. Results and Discussion: A nuanced, gestalt-like composition of ANT relationships emerged, from which many meaningful heuristics could be derived for both enhancing, and avoiding pitfalls in, enculturation of academic integrity. The ANT perspective allows for the essential roles of human and non-human actors in the network to be assessed for efficacy in achieving the objectives of the network. Overarching heuristics include ongoing cyclic-iterative refinement of the automated system; the underpinning regulatory framework and related organisational structures; and the education/training of human actors. Research Implications: Incorporating automation in academic integrity measures, allows for the delegation of onerous tasks to non-human actors in the system. Notwithstanding, acknowledged disruptors in this evolving context, such as the advent of Large-Language Model Artificial Intelligence (LLM-AI) tools (notably, Chat-GPT), increasingly confound the detection and assessment of plagiarism. Advancing heuristics towards designing systems for enculturating academic integrity– and for concomitant evaluation of the efficacy of such actor networks (as per ANT) – comprises the major implications of this study. Originality/Value: While this study involves a relatively esoteric context – a case study involving a bespoke ASPMS at a single PHEI campus in South Africa – the heuristics have application in many systems (actor networks), with or without automation, in which academic integrity is fostered.

The article describes the historical and geographical aspects of the development of urban passenger transport in Ukraine. Urban transport in Ukraine has long historical traditions. The first electric transport networks in the cities of Ukraine were among the oldest in Eastern Europe. Historical and geographical studies of the development of public transport systems in Ukraine were conducted by many scientists, the results of which are reflected in reference books, monographs, and articles. In the development of urban spaces and transport in Ukraine, the authors distinguish the following stages: intensive industrialization in imperial times, the First World War and national liberation struggles, the interwar period (mass industrialization of eastern Ukraine), the Second World War, post-war reconstruction of cities, mass housing and industrial construction, the economic crisis and the decline of industrial giants, the revival of urban spaces and transport, the Russian-Ukrainian war. The prototype of modern urban transport in Ukraine was the horse-drawn tram and omnibuses, which appeared on the streets of cities at the end of the 19th century. In the 1890s, the first electric tram networks were launched in Kyiv, Lviv, Chernivtsi, and Dnipro. By 1914, trams were operating in 13 cities of Ukraine. During the First World War and the national liberation struggles (1914-1922), trams and horse-drawn trams often stopped, and in Kremenchuk, traffic was suspended. Many tram and city bus networks began operating during the mass industrialization of the cities of Central and Eastern Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1935, the first trolleybus system in Ukraine was launched in Kyiv, and later such systems were launched in Kharkiv, Donetsk, and Chernivtsi. During World War II, the urban transport networks in Ukraine suffered significant damage and destruction. Due to the destruction of the infrastructure, the tram systems in Kropyvnytskyi, Sevastopol and Kerch were dismantled. In the post-war years, the public transport networks in the cities of Ukraine were gradually restored, but there was a shortage of the necessary equipment and rolling stock. During this period, tram systems were opened in Druzhkivka, Konotop and trolleybuses in Odessa, Dnipro, Lviv, Sevastopol, Simferopol, Alchevsk, Zaporizhia. The world’s longest trolleybus line Simferopol - Yalta, 80 km long, was built in Crimea. Bus transport began to operate in most large cities. During the mass residential and industrial development of Ukrainian cities in the 1960s-1980s, more than 30 new trolleybus systems were implemented. Large-capacity buses and trolleybuses, mostly imported, began to operate in the cities. During this period, the first metros in Ukraine began to operate in Kyiv (1960) and Kharkiv (1976). After the collapse of the USSR and Ukraine gained independence, a deep economic crisis began. There was a decline in passenger transportation volume in cities, and transport operated intermittently due to a shortage of fuel, rolling stock, and spare parts. The market for private motor transportation by minibuses and small buses began to develop, leading to street congestion and increased environmental pollution. Tram (Kyiv, Kharkiv, Makiivka) and trolleybus (mainly cities in Donbas) lines were dismantled in many cities. In 1995, the third metro in Ukraine, in Dnipro, was put into operation. Since 2006-2007, due to the balancing of local budgets and the implementation of state programs, investments in the field of urban passenger transport have increased. New lines were built, and rolling stock was purchased. A significant upgrade of infrastructure and transport took place as part of the preparation and holding of the Euro 2012 Football Championship in the cities of Ukraine. However, in several cities of Donbas, the movement of urban electric transport was suspended (Makiivka, Kadiivka, Kostiantynivka, Dobropillya). In 2014, the Russian-Ukrainian war began due to the occupation of Crimea and part of Donbas, and in 2022, a full-scale invasion of Russian troops into the territory of Ukraine took place. As a result of hostilities and shelling, the urban transport infrastructure in many cities was damaged or destroyed. In many cities of Donbas near the front line, urban electric transport stopped working (Alchevsk, Bakhmut, Lysychansk, Luhansk, Avdiivka, and others). Many cities in Ukraine received assistance from partners in EU countries through rolling stock. In the process of modern transformation of urban transport systems in Ukraine, significant challenges arise: reorientation and reduction of passenger flows, changes in the functions of cities and their districts, changes in the number and employment of the population, and the introduction of innovative technologies. Keywords: bus transport, electric transport, city, urban transport, transport, transport network, Ukraine.

Context: This study explores the integration of speculative design (SD) and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in educational and interdisciplinary contexts. The goal is to prepare students to face future technological complexities, emphasizing ethical and social considerations. Problem: The research addresses the need to equip students with critical skills to engage with emerging technologies. Challenges include the usability of GenAI tools, the lack of ethical frameworks for responsible innovation, and the need for creative approaches to envision future scenarios. These challenges have technological, social, and educational dimensions. Solution: A participatory workshop that integrates SD and GenAI to inspire creativity and ethical reflection, enabling participants to collaboratively explore future technological implications. Information Systems Theory: The research draws on Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and speculative realism to analyze the dynamic interactions between human and non-human actors in sociotechnical networks. Method: The research employed a participatory design methodology, conducting a workshop with 17 undergraduate students from diverse fields. A qualitative approach was used to examine data collected through focus groups. The analysis focused on identifying themes related to user experiences and ethical considerations. Summary of Results: Four main themes emerged: engagement with the process, the applicability of GenAI, personal impact and recommendations, and ethical and social reflections. Participants valued SD as a critical tool for analyzing ethical implications and the social effects of speculative technologies. Contributions and Impact on IS: The study offers an innovative framework that combines SD and GenAI, promoting ethical and inclusive educational practices and contributing to more responsible sociotechnical systems.

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into organizational contexts is profoundly changing the fundamental assumptions in contemporary management and organizational theory. In response to these changes, this article introduces the Distributed Sociotechnical Agency Model (DSAM), a novel conceptual framework that synthesizes insights from Actor-Network Theory (ANT), sociomateriality, and principles of ethical governance. The DSAM framework conceptualizes AI as a distributed actor operating within complex networks and highlights three core dimensions: distributed agency, relational dynamics between human and non-human actors, and the imperative of ethical accountability. By using an integrated approach combining extensive literature review and analysis of real-life case studies, including a practical example involving an AI-driven university monitoring system, this study demonstrates how DSAM can facilitate more inclusive, user-friendly, flexible, responsive, and ethically aligned approaches to AI integration in organizations. To provide clarity and practical understanding, this article includes a detailed flowchart and a comparative table as well. Furthermore, recent academic studies and evolving policy developments are included in the discussion to strengthen the global relevance of the model. The article concludes by offering strategic recommendations for organizational governance and identifying promising directions for future empirical research. Received: 27 February 2025 | Revised: 14 July 2025 | Accepted: 22 August 2025 Conflicts of Interest The author declares that she has no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. Author Contribution Statement Hasibe Aysan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.

Many community-based or collaborative studies of the universities are being conducted, though not all cases have worked satisfactorily. It is difficult in such attempts to share knowledge on how to manage a project because researchers tend to consider such information as peripheral and hesitate to describe the process in detail in the article. However, it is very important and valuable to examine various cases and extract general knowledge from a theoretical viewpoint. The aim of this study was to point out how to find the essential actors (human/ non-human) to maintain the collaboration. Socio-technical network analysis which was based on the Actor Network Theory (Latour, 1987;2005; Callon, 1984) was employed to determine the essential points for constructing and maintaining a project under a university–community collaboration. In this study, the author especially paid attention to the cases in which the university researchers added academic research interest to a project. Such a trial seemed to impede successful collaboration at first sight; though it invigorated and stabilized the collaboration dynamically, when it was planned deliberately. Three different types of university–community collaborations were surveyed to illustrate the socio-technical networks and their temporal change. The first project was one for junior high school curriculum in Japan (placed in the formal education) for disaster prevention which continued for eleven years (2007-2017). The author was involved in the whole project. Data were obtained using participatory observations of the author and undergraduates, quantitative survey data from the junior high school students, and interviews with the teachers. The second one was a media literacy project for local children in Japan which was hold for ten months every year since 2009 and continues operating today. Data were obtained using participatory observations of the author and undergraduates, as well as survey data and interviews from the children in every year. The third project was an after school project in the United States, that is called the Fifth Dimension Project of University of California, San Diego. Data were collected at three of the project sites over the span of five months, and interviews were conducted with the professor and the students during 2010. Data were used to figure out the related human/non-human actors and to illustrate the constellation and change of the socio-technical networks of the each project. The result of the study showed that 1) Collaboration programs had considerable effects on undergraduate students. They were also highly evaluated by their communities. 2) It is important to understand each project as a more complicated network of actors rather than just as a simple relationship between the university and its community. There were conflicting interests between the university actors and the community ones. There also were conflicts within both sides. 3) Sometimes it made a lot of difference to call forth and mobilize various actors including “non-human actors” such as information and communication tools, school curriculum rules, and the physical and socioeconomic traits of the community. 4) When the collaboration was at a risk of termination because one of the actors left the network, it could avoid the extinction by reorganizing the socio-technical network (add a new actor or change the mutual relationship within other actors).

Objectives: Research aimed to recognize the model contestation between human and non-human actors at the arena of cycling tour in the eastern part of Indonesia in Flores Island. Methods: The research was socio-technical paper, qualitative descriptive method was used to follow the contestation value between cycling tourist and its technical actors during the journey. researchers observed and participated on cycling touring at Flores Island. All participants were Jakarta residents that had different variety of age, gender, occupation and living arrangements. variety of participants ranged in age from 44 to52 years old. total of 1 woman and 4 men were interviewed. Results: findings indicated three stages [Pre-departure cycling tour, En route cycling, and Post-cycling tour] that constructed the field of Actor-Network Theory [ANT], contested human and non-human actors, assemblage of the actors and semiotics were performed in this finding. The use of bicycle as main non-human actors to follow by cycling tourist creating the dynamic and interaction between human actors during cycling. Conclusions: research identifies human and non-human relations within cycling tour, then how the process of relation between actors construct tourism product such as cycling tours. The phrases of human and non-human agents, and sociotechnical were employed to investigate semiotics in their relationship. Values of their experiences and their style in cycling related to motives and type of bicycle. ANT approach described cycling in Flores Island, from departure– to destination or during enroute cycling till finish line, and flying back to their home country.