UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS AND GUT MICROBIOTA - LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Purpose of Research: This study aims to evaluate the impact of various artificial sweeteners on gut microbiota and their potential health implications. Research Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, focusing on keywords such as gut microbiota, artificial sweeteners, non-nutritive sweeteners, and intestinal microbiota. The review includes descriptions of sweeteners like aspartame, sucralose, saccharin, acesulfame K, and stevia, as well as their metabolism and effects on the human body. Primary Results: Artificial sweeteners can disrupt gut microbiota balance, reducing beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus while increasing pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium difficile and E. coli. Clinical trials show mixed results, with some studies indicating significant changes in microbiota composition and diversity, while others show no substantial effects. Differences influence the variability in study outcomes in participants' initial microbiota composition, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Conclusions: Artificial sweeteners impact gut microbiota, but the extent and nature of these effects still need to be fully understood. Further standardized, long-term research is required to clarify these effects and determine whether the benefits of artificial sweeteners outweigh potential risks to gut health. Advanced research methods like metagenomics and next-generation sequencing will enhance our understanding of artificial sweeteners' interaction with gut microbiota, aiding in comprehensive health assessments.