Understanding Each Other: A Beauvoirian Second Person Approach

This research was inspired by an ecocritical study of the interaction between humans and nature in literary works. Man and nature were created by God so that man, nature, and God become three inseparable things. This paper aims to reveal the harmonious relationship between humans, nature and God in the novel The Alchemist. Paulo Coelho’s enchanting novel The Alchemist has inspired a devoted following around the world. This story, dazzling in its powerful simplicity and soul-stirring wisdom, tells the story of an Andalusian shepherd boy named Santiago who travels from his homeland in Spain to the Egyptian desert in search of a treasure buried near the Pyramids. Data analysis applied the Miles and Huberman analysis technique starting with data reduction, then data presentation, and finally drawing conclusions. The results show that literary works such as The Alchemist can contribute to eliciting a new awareness in readers regarding the relationship between humans and nature and their relationship with God as the creator. The harmonious relationship between humans, nature and God is depicted in the novel as a positive state of inner peace, calmness, and balance, as well as the feeling of being in tune with nature. Nature and natural phenomena are signs sent by God to humans as a guide in navigating life. The implications of this study are that literary works such as The Alchemist can contain many simple life lessons combined with a very strong moral message.

This study examines selected Igbo written poems so as to observe the extent to which the poets have represented various natural phenomena such as trees, sun, moon, rain, among others and the relationship between man and his environment in their poems. It is obvious that some Igbo poets like the Western poets represent some natural phenomena in their creative works. Their major concern is to project these natural phenomena and enhance the relationship between humans and these phenomena through their literary works. In spite of the efforts of many Igbo poets in representing different natural phenomena in their poems, previous studies have shown that some Igbo literary scholars, critics, teachers and students show more interest in studying other issues represented in Igbo written poetry like issues that border on the society, politics, leadership, gender, religion, culture, economy, among others. This shows that they do not have interest in the natural phenomena and the purpose for their representation in written Igbo poetry. It is against this backdrop that this study examines the natural phenomena prominent in the selected Igbo written poems so as to identify the nature of relationship between these natural phenomena and man as projected by the poets. The study adopted the ecocritical literary theory in analysing the selected poems and the data were presented descriptively. From the analysis, this study reveal that the selected poems represented the importance of some natural phenomena to man especially the economic values. This study also observed that there is good relationship between the natural phenomena projected in the selected poems, among other findings. It is hoped that this study would help to project and enhance the relationship between man his environment.

This study examines selected Igbo written poems so as to observe the extent to which the poets have represented various natural phenomena such as trees, sun, moon, rain, among others and the relationship between man and his environment in their poems. It is obvious that some Igbo poets like the Western poets represent some natural phenomena in their creative works. Their major concern is to project these natural phenomena and enhance the relationship between humans and these phenomena through their literary works. In spite of the efforts of many Igbo poets in representing different natural phenomena in their poems, previous studies have shown that some Igbo literary scholars, critics, teachers and students show more interest in studying other issues represented in Igbo written poetry like issues that border on the society, politics, leadership, gender, religion, culture, economy, among others. This shows that they do not have interest in the natural phenomena and the purpose for their representation in written Igbo poetry. It is against this backdrop that this study examines the natural phenomena prominent in the selected Igbo written poems so as to identify the nature of relationship between these natural phenomena and man as projected by the poets. The study adopted the ecocritical literary theory in analysing the selected poems and the data were presented descriptively. From the analysis, this study reveal that the selected poems represented the importance of some natural phenomena to man especially the economic values. This study also observed that there is good relationship between the natural phenomena projected in the selected poems, among other findings. It is hoped that this study would help to project and enhance the relationship between man his environment.

Ocular pathologies are a natural phenomenon that can be detected empirically. All over the world, such phenomena are often interpreted as an index of inherent personal capacity for causing harm. The Graeco-Roman world was no exception. During the early Roman Principate, the literary representation of such malformations was clearly influenced by two genres that had been developed in the Greek world during the Hellenistic period. The first was the paradoxographic or mirabilia tradition, a literary genre that in the aftermath of Alexander’s conquests inventoried supposed natural and anthropological wonders, reports that were subsequently brought up to date and adapted by Roman authors such as Cicero and Varro. The second was physiognomics, the systematization, mainly by the Peripatetics but also by some Hippocratic authors, of the popular idea that ethical character can be read from somatic signs. This paper understands Pliny the Elder’s accounts of peoples and families able to cast the evil eye, objectified in the possession of a double pupil, as a significant aspect of his socio-moral account of the effects of world-empire upon Rome. In transposing the theme to his figure of the procuress Dipsas almost a century earlier, Ovid created a synecdoche for moral disorder at Rome itself shortly before the two Augustan laws of 18 b.c.e. regulating sexual conduct. In short, if we are to progress in our understanding of Roman socio-moral instrumentalization of ocular malformation in relation to the evil eye, we must pay careful attention to the contexts and strategies of our texts.

У статті досліджені особливості вираження гумору в перекладах фентезійних романів Террі Пратчетта «Колір магії» (переклад Юлiї Прокопець), «Повен неба капелюх» (переклад Марти Госовської) та «Поштова лихоманка» (переклад Олександра Михельсона). Основна увага в роботі приділена особливостям актуалізації гумору в описах характерних гумористичних персонажів, ситуацій та сюжетів; визначені засоби вираження гумору, що передають психологічний і емоційний стан фентезійних героїв, їхній темперамент і морально-етичні якості; проаналізовані лексико-семантичні та стилістичні особливості передачі гумористичних ситуацій у творах жанру фентезi. Твори Террі Пратчетта пронизані гумористичними моментами. Особливо часто зустрічаються гумористичні ситуації та описи героїв, присутні й гумористичні діалоги, комічні власні назви, імена та прізвиська. Дещо рідше спостерігаємо чорний гумор та гумористичні описи предметів. У творах фентезі вдало відтворені не тільки портретні характеристики героїв, а й описи природи, фентезійних предметів, одягу, їжі тощо. Вдало зображений психологічно-емоційний стан героїв у поєднанні з природними явищами й предметними описами, що занурюють читача у світ фентезі. Переклад фентезійної літератури набуває популярності й приваблює читача унікальністю цього жанру. Кожен перекладознавець вносить свій літературний підхід до перекладу та застосовує відповідні прийоми. Перекладачі вдало передають гумористичний підтекст, розкривають образи, а також підбирають мовні засоби. Передача гумористичних сюжетів, описiв предметів та персонажiв, дiалогiв героїв, чорного гумору тощо потребує вiд перекладача творчого та креативного пiдходу – кожен шукає свій неповторний стиль, застосовуючи стилістичні засоби. Порівняння, гіперболи та персоніфікація допомагають розкривати образи чарівних істот та предметів. Менше зустрічаються метафори, епітети та іронія. Аналіз текстів оригіналу та перекладу показав, що перекладачі додають індивідуального гумористичного забарвлення в переклад, яке часом відсутнє в в оригіналі. Це зумовлене тим, що в українській мові багатший словниковий запас, колорит, гумористичні вислови тощо.

The article explores the characteristic categories of character descriptions that reveal the psychological and emotional propertiesof fantasy characters, their temperament, moral and ethical qualities and translation grammatical transformations used by translators to adapt works. The translation of fiction, with its descriptions and plots, is becoming quite popular and attracts the modern reader with individual features of this genre. Translators mostly use such translation transformations as the use of various paths, stylistic figures, eloquent names, means of phonetic and syntactic expression, word-formation possibilities, etc. Eachtranslator brings his own literary approach to translation and uses his favorite techniques. In fantasy works, not only the portrait characteristics of the heroes are successfully conveyed, but also the descriptions of nature, fantastic objects, clothes, food, etc. The psycho-emotional state of the hero is also successfully depicted in comparison with natural phenomena and subject features that immerse the reader in the adventure world. Such features of translation interested us in the research and prompted a comparative analysis of the original and the translation.

Book Review| January 01 2009 Character Ethics and the New Testament: Moral Dimensions of Scripture Character Ethics and the New Testament: Moral Dimensions of ScriptureBrawley, Robert L. Jonathan R. Wilson Jonathan R. Wilson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Bulletin for Biblical Research (2009) 19 (2): 304–305. https://doi.org/10.2307/26424068 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Jonathan R. Wilson; Character Ethics and the New Testament: Moral Dimensions of Scripture. Bulletin for Biblical Research 1 January 2009; 19 (2): 304–305. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/26424068 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressBulletin for Biblical Research Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2009 by The Pennsylvania State University. All rights reserved.2009The Pennsylvania State University Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Thar Desert constitutes the largest desert of Pakistan. It is the only densely populated desert in the world, whose inhabitants is attached to their location and is unwilling to migrate. In recent past, Thar has been struck three times by droughts, the most recent was of 2014 while, and the most severe was in 1992-2002, following which it was declared one of the food insecure regions of the world e.g. Yemen, Syrian Arab Republic, Sudan, Somalia, Iraq, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Burundi, Afghanistan. Understanding people perception of drought can assist to identify barriers to and drivers of adaptation that later help to develop adaptation related policies. This study seeks to assess the present condition of Thar natives and to understand from the views of people that how much negative impact of drought has on their lives. Primary data were obtained through personal interviews from local people (N=251) during field survey which was conducted in July 2015. Natives indicated that drought is a natural phenomenon; it does affect their lives, but not to a significant level. Among the affected people, the poor who live in rural areas and depend directly on agriculture have been hit especially hard. The installation of a solar reverse osmosis (SRO) plant that serves District Tharparkar has resolved most of the water shortage issues. However, water quality remains an issue for villagers, dependent on well water that is saline or polluted. Human activities such as deforestation and use of non-renewable resources for fuel are increasing environmental degradation. There is a dire need to establish best medical centers other than urban sites of the district to improve health condition of the natives

Drought management in rural areas with emphasis on resilience approach, studied in Kangavar city

First, the mutual interiority that exists in every human action between its ethical and technical dimension is analyzed, more specifically in relation to health practice. It is established that by means of technical or ethical habits, or applying certain deliberative guidelines, alone it is not possible to discern between the goodness or not of a certain action. For this to be possible, it is necessary to adopt a personal perspective, both as regards oneself and when judging the actions of others. Secondly, then, the virtue of prudence is essential to choose the most best path in a specific context. This ethical habit is greatly influenced by the overall ethical character of the person and by their deliberative capacity and knowledge of ethical principles. With regard to the second, it is necessary to follow the usual ways by which the person makes decisions and considers a certain action as good or bad. Therefore, it cannot be pretend using technical decision-making methods health professionals will deliberate and make ethical decisions. In conclusion, it is necessary that the prudence of professionals be based both on the personal ethical character and on an analysis of ethical cases in consonance with the natural way in which human reason acts.

A decision-making model solution is a dependent variable derived from independent variables, parameters and forcing functions. Independent variables collected in linguistic form require intuition which can be potentially biased. A collection of qualitative research papers on bias in models was perused to identify the causes of bias. Decision-making in the manufacturing, finance, law, and management industries require solutions from a complex assortment of data. The popularity of combining decision-making with artificial intelligence (AI) for intelligent systems causes concern, as it can be a predisposition to a true solution. A true solution avoids impartiality and maintains repeated results from a natural phenomenon without favoritism or discrimination. This paper appraised the development of the decision-making environment to identify the path and effect of bias on the variables used in models. The literature reviewed was associated with the design of a decision-making criterion rationalizing the application of variables. The influences on variables were observed with respect to the available resources, environment, and people. This list was further extended to consider the constraints of the resource, customer, network, and regulation fed to the structure. The involvement of bias was founded because of the need for rational decision making, cognitive misperceptions, and psychological principles. The study of variables showed the opportunity for a conscious bias from unethical actions during the development of a decision-making environment. In principle, bias may be best reduced with continuous model monitoring and fair adjustments. Ignoring these implications increases the chance of a bias decision-making model. It also influences the decision result and may be avoided with an ethical and fair quality review. The paper increases the awareness of bias in decision-making and guides actors to the identification and avoidance/reduction of bias effects. This may be a guide for the reduction of the model error to achieve a true solution.

Although salinity is a natural phenomenon, the increase in arable land with high salinity has increased, becoming a worldwide concern. This has affected the development of societies, which requires more food production to meet the needs of the population. In this context, saline stress has limited agricultural productivity. The salinity of the soil can be anthropogenic, through the accumulation of salts through the irrigation waters of crops. The objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographical research on the effects of saline stress on the initial growth and development of plant species. In order to do so, a bibliographical research of published scientific articles was carried out, so that a more insight is taken, in front of what has been published on this subject, for compilation and analysis of the reported data. It is reported in the literature that several species of plants have little tolerance to salt stress. In general, research has directed its experimental analyzes to the early stages of plant development (germination and initial seedling growth). Most studies published in the literature have reported that soils with salt concentrations between 30-50 dS m-1 and 30-90 mM NaCl have negatively affected the development of several plant species. Among the regions most affected by salinization is the semi-arid region, which presents high evapotranspiration and low annual precipitation, compromising the agricultural productivity of this region.

لقد تفجع الشعراء بموت أحمد شوقي لما له من منزل کبرى في قلوبهم، ولما لا وهو أميرهم وصاحب فضل عليهم، وتأثير کبير على فنهم، إذ هو إمام المحافظين وزعيم المجددين، باعث الشعر بعد ضعفه، ووطني أخلص لوطنه؛ فرفع راية مجده وخلد ذکره ، ومن ثم حينما سمع الشعراء خبر وفاته أحسوا بمرارة فقده، وبالفراغ الذي کان يملؤه شوقي في دفاعه عن وطنه وغيرته على العربية ،فأخذوا يسکبون عليه الدموع والعبرات حزنا وأسى، کما أقاموا الملتقيات والمحافل تکريما له وإحياء لذکراه. ومن البديهي في فن الرثاء أن يرثى الفقيد بصفاته الخلقية والخلقية؛ لذا کان من اللافت للنظر أن يرکز الشعراء الباکين لشوقي على شعره وأعماله الأدبية، لاسيما أن هؤلاء الشعراء من مدارس أخرى غير التي کان يتزعمها شوقي، وکثير ما عارضوه في حياته واتهموه بالجمود، لکنهم على إثر موته ذکروا محاسن شعره واعترفوا بقيمته الفنية، فرجعوا إلى أنفسهم محافظين على ثوابت القصيدة العربية في رثائهم له، ولم يتمردوا على ذلک إلا في القليل النادر. وخلاصة القول أن فن الرثاء من أقوى الفنون الشعرية عاطفة؛ لذا وجدنا الشعراء الباکين لشوقي قد أفصحوا عن هذا الشعور من خلال مراثيهم له، حيث جاء المعجم الشعري في تلک المراثى- عند الحديث عن شعره وموهبته الشعرية - فريدا، لقد لقبوه بألقاب ووصفوه بأوصاف لم ولن تکون إلا لأمير الشعراء أحمد شوقي. الکلمات المفتاحية: شوقي – شوقيا - نبي الشعر – أمير الشعراء - شاعر الکون – شاعر الدنيا- الساحر - عرش يتهدم - بکائيات – بکائياتهم- دولت الشعر- الفجيعة المخرسة -أميره وکبيره. Poets talk about Shawqi poetry Read their cries for him Hamid Saad Ali Khudarji Jawish Lecturer of Literature and Criticism, College of Studies Islamic and Arab boys in Desouk Email: Hamedkhadragy782.el@azhar.edu.eg Abstract: The poets were mourned by the death of Ahmed Shawky because of his great house in their hearts, and when he is not their prince and the owner of a favor over them, and a great influence on their art, as he is the imam of conservatives and the leader of the innovators, the emitter of poetry after his weakness, and my patriot is loyal to his homeland, so he raised the banner of his glory and immortalized his memory Then, when the poets heard the news of his death, they felt the bitterness of his loss, and the emptiness that was filled with my longing in defending his homeland and changing it to Arabia, so they poured tears and tears on him in grief and sorrow, and they held gatherings and forums in honor of him and to commemorate his memory. It is evident in the art of lament that the deceased is inherited by his moral and ethical qualities. Therefore, it was remarkable that the weeping poets of Shawqi focus on his poetry and literary works, especially since these poets from other schools than the one that Shawqi was leading, and many in his life opposed him and accused him of stagnation, but they are on After his death, they mentioned the virtues of his poetry and recognized its artistic value, so they returned to themselves preserving the constants of the Arabic poem in their mourning for him, and they did not rebel against that except in a rare few. In sum, the art of elegy is one of the strongest poetic arts with emotion. So we found the weeping poets of Shawqi to have expressed this feeling through their lamentations to him, as the poetic lexicon came in that Marathi - when talking about his poetry and his poetic talent - Farida. key words:Shawky - Shawqia - the prophet of poetry - the prince of poets - the poet of the universe - the poet of the world - the magician - a throne collapsing - weeping - their cries - the state of poetry - the bereaved bereavement - his princess and his elder.

The term “aesthetic emotion” was treated differently by scholars from the late 19th and early 20th centuries compared with those from the 21st, and there is much to learn from the “early” group. William James distinguished “subtler emotions” that encompass aesthetic, scientific, and ethical qualities, in contrast to “coarse emotions,” such as happiness or sadness, which are part of everyday life. Others, such as Bosanquet, Clay, Bullough, and Dewey described underlying processes that shape aesthetic experiences during episodes of creation and reception. Their insight is that everyday emotions are elevated to abstract and universal levels during aesthetic episodes, much like Aristotle described more than 2,000 years ago. Later researchers, such as Menninghaus and colleagues, were influenced by the “cognitive turn” and treat “aesthetic emotions” as hypothetical constructs whose independent existence is predicated on word frequencies associated with stimulus ratings. The precision of current empiricism can benefit from incorporating rich theoretical musings of the past about aesthetic processes. A comprehensive model should integrate processes related to aesthetics and emotion during creation and reception episodes. Formal properties of art or literary works can stimulate feelings of pleasure or excitement. The subject matter can offer suggestions that elicit personal connections and related emotions.

The paper examines Ilesa palace’s architecture and the artistic objects within the old palace (‘afin’) constructed around 1079 AD, including the courtyards (‘akodi’) within the palace. Data was sourced from field work, oral interviews and relevant literature. Purposively selected photographs of the ‘Afin’ are used in discussing the deplorable state of the architecture, royal paraphernalia and art objects, and thus raises the question of their sustainability and relevance for future generations. The study reveals the dilapidation of the old palace and courtyards were caused by the ravaging effects of urbanisation, poor maintenance attitude and indifference of the royal court to the historical/cultural values embedded in the art and architecture of the Ijesa nation. Of what benefits is urbanisation to the culture and history of a people if the memories of their past fade into oblivion, and their monuments and historical places of pride are neglected and endangered? The paper posits that the neglect of the indigenous arts and heritage architecture in Nigeria has become a natural phenomenon. Therefore, despite the benefits of modern architecture and urban development, elements of culture like art and heritage architecture should be sustained for future generation and entrenching cultural identity.