Understanding cross-contamination in a gluten-free diet: A scoping review.

Gluten-Free Diet: Imprudent Dietary Advice for the General Population?

Lifestyle modifications, particularly the adoption of healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), are foundational in any treatment plan, including for patients prescribed first-line statin therapy for hypercholesterolemia. However, the rising popularity of MedDiet-associated foods and nutraceuticals among health-conscious consumers has raised concerns about their potential interactions with statins, potentially leading to adverse effects. One notable example involves polyphenol supplements, a class of anti-dyslipidemic phytochemicals known to influence statins' pharmacokinetics. Still, whether chronic polyphenol exposure achieves plasma concentrations sufficient to alter statin pharmacokinetics in clinical settings is controverse. Moreover, it remains unclear which key biological targets are shared by both classes of molecules and how they mediate potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. This study aims to systematically map reported statin-polyphenol interactions and identify the principal biological targets involved, elucidating their impact on statin pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and toxicity. A scoping review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. This work was designed in accordance with PRISMA-ScR. The review protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. Statin-polyphenol interactions were reported in 83.9% of the studies analyzed. The biological targets mediating these interactions play chief roles in statins' cellular uptake (OATP/P-glycoprotein), metabolism (CYP450/intestinal esterases), and core mechanisms underlying statin action, namely, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition. Polyphenols significantly influenced statin pharmacokinetics, altering total drug exposure (AUC) and extent (Cmax), either by enhancement or inhibition, with apparently less impact on statins' absorption rate (Tmax). At the clinical level, only five studies addressed statin-polyphenol interactions, yielding conflicting results on the potential enhancement of therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. This work presents an integrated perspective on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying statin-polyphenol interactions. It highlights substantial inter-individual variability linked to conflicting evidence, from synergistic effects enabling lower statin doses and reduced adverse events to potential exacerbation of side effects. These findings underscore the need for controlled studies to clarify the clinical relevance of polyphenol-induced alterations in statin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Such data are essential to develop evidence-based guidelines that may optimize statin therapy and support individualized treatment strategies. identifier 10.17605/OSF.IO/DJW5G.

IntroductionMuch is known around public health preparedness and response phases. However, between the two phases is operational readiness that comprises the immediate actions needed to respond to a developing risk...

IntroductionResearch on effectively navigating older adults into primary care is urgently needed. Community–clinic linkage models (CCLMs) aim to improve population health by linking the health and community sectors in order...

IntroductionDementia is a growing public health concern, and providing long-term care for individuals affected by this condition is challenging for their family caregivers. While researchers have explored various intervention options...

IntroductionTobacco dependence and smoke exposure have been global epidemics with health consequences recognised by the US Surgeon General since the 1960s and 1970s, respectively. During this period, a vast body...

IntroductionWithin England the removal of prescribed gluten-free (GF) foods from many Clinical Commissioning Groups has resulted in a greater reliance on commercially available GF food by adults and children with...

IntroductionIn 2016, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended depression screening for all adults in the public sector, with screening frequency determined by clinical judgement and patient circumstances. This practice aims to enable timely diagnosis and treatment, reducing long-term healthcare costs associated with this chronic health condition. However, the USPSTF offered no written recommendations for primary care settings serving non-English-speaking populations, particularly where providers speak English and patients speak Spanish. While some research exists on depression screening in linguistically diverse settings, the use of validated Spanish-language screenings in primary care settings is underexplored when it comes to implementing the USPSTF’s recommendation. This scoping review addresses this knowledge gap by (1) assessing the extent to which Spanish-speaking patients in the USA receive depression screening in Spanish and (2) using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0 to categorise barriers and facilitators to implementing Spanish-language depression screening tools in USA primary care settings. The findings will identify areas needing further research to improve depression screening guidelines for primary care practices serving Spanish-speaking patients.Methods and analysisThis scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review methodology, updated by Levac and colleagues. The reporting protocol adheres to PRISMA-ScR. A systematic search will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science Core Collection for studies on Spanish-language depression screening for adults in non-Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in the USA, excluding those focused on youth or adolescents. We will extract data from qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies on screening. We will also examine studies addressing provider-reported comfort and competency in screening Spanish-speaking patients. We hypothesise that primary care clinics have implemented strategies for screening Spanish-speaking patients for depression driven by healthcare provider initiatives, local policies, research funding or community needs. The review will extract data on sample size, study methodology, primary care settings, patient and provider demographics, depression screeners used, and barriers and facilitators to screening. The quality of the studies will be appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).Ethics and disseminationAt Brown University, scoping reviews that analyse and synthesise existing research do not require Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, provided they do not involve primary data collection or direct interaction with human subjects. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and community workshops to improve practices and policies addressing language barriers in depression screening and care.Registration detailsThis scoping review protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) at https://osf.io/dyru5.

IntroductionPhysiotherapists provide non-pharmacological conservative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) using a wide spectrum of interventions. Previous surveys have identified global physiotherapy OA management practices. However, no review to date summarises the...

ObjectivesWearable motion sensors are used with increasing frequency in the evaluation of gait, function and physical activity within orthopaedics and sports medicine. The integration of wearable technology into the clinical...

Background In the UK, the highest proportion of current smokers is in the 25–34 age group. Whilst there are effective smoking cessation interventions, they are not always accessed by young adults. An up-to-date review of smoking cessation strategies for young people has been conducted to understand the current state of the literature with a view to the implications for people with severe mental ill health (SMI). Methods A scoping review was conducted to explore individual-level interventions aimed at helping young adults to stop smoking. The protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/8u24h/). We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ASSIA and Web of Science databases. Randomized controlled trials published in English, conducted in any country in any setting with an aim of smoking cessation or reduction at an individual level, were included. We extracted data on study design, participant characteristics, intervention and control conditions, and key findings. A descriptive analytical approach was used, and the results are presented in tables. Results Thirty-one unique studies were identified for inclusion. Twenty were non-pharmacological, two were pharmacological, and nine contained both non-pharmacological and pharmacological elements. Fifteen of the studies included a digitally delivered component. Conclusions There is a growing body of research on individual-level smoking cessation interventions for young people. An increasing number of interventions are being delivered digitally. Further research should focus on ensuring that RCTs of digitally delivered interventions include diverse populations of young adults to ensure that existing inequalities are not exacerbated.

High diet quality is associated with improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Thus, mapping the dietary analysis methods that lead to the assessment of diet quality is essential for promoting glycemic control in individuals with T2DM. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to map and synthesize the available evidence on the use of dietary analysis methods to assess diet quality in individuals with T2DM. This review was conducted following the Manual for Evidence Synthesis proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. Articles were searched in the MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase, LILACS/BVS, Bireme, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Additionally, grey literature was searched using Google Scholar. The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/HSKU9). Studies that utilized dietary analysis methods to assess diet quality in individuals with T2DM were included. Overall, 3761 studies were identified, and after the selection process, 33 publications were included for full analysis. Twenty-five indices were mapped to assess diet quality in individuals with T2DM. Only the Diabetes Healthy Eating Index was specific to this population. Considering the application of these methods, most indices were linked to the lowest scores, indicating lower diet quality, poor glycemic control, and other unfavourable health outcomes for the participants. Despite the existence of various dietary methods for analysing diet quality, only one index was specific to individuals with T2DM. It is important to assess the applicability of these methods, considering that the quantity consumed must be evaluated to promote better glycemic control in this population.

Pulse oximetry as a dental pulp test: A scoping review to identify barriers hindering the use of oximeters in clinical practice

Prehospital spinal immobilization and motion restriction strategies: A scoping review of the literature.

BackgroundSkin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) have become a global public health threat especially in the Indian context. Secondary complications from untreated skin lesions make the patient life miserable and result in serious adverse effects. The main purpose of this scoping review is to identify the common bacterial pathogens causing SSTIs in South Asia.MethodsThis scoping review adheres to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. The search strategy and screening follow the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) checklist, and the review will be reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The initial search set will follow the keyword such as “bacteria”, “microbial susceptibility”, and “South Asia”. Based on the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, literature search will be carried out at the Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science databases, relevant regional databases, and other grey literature will also be searched to cover maximum information. The data extraction and synthesis will be carried out by the researchers independently and the results will be summarised narratively.DiscussionThe present scoping review seeks to address this gap by synthesizing evidence on the common bacterial pathogens causing SSTIs in children and adults across South Asia and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. By contextualizing these findings, the review aims to inform region-specific empirical guidelines, ultimately enhancing clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes in managing SSTIs in South Asia. In summary, the insights of this review are not only critical for improving clinical outcomes but also hold considerable public health significance by informing antimicrobial stewardship strategies and guiding policy efforts to address the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance in the region.Scoping review RegistrationThis research has been registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://osf.io/xve49).