Abstract
BackgroundSkeletal muscle development is closely linked to meat production and its quality. This study is the first to quantify the proteomes and metabolomes of breast muscle in two distinct chicken breeds at embryonic day 12 (ED 12), ED 17, post-hatch D 1 and D 14 using mass spectrometry-based approaches.ResultsResults found that intramuscular fat (IMF) accumulation increased from ED 17 to D 1 and that was exactly the opposite of when most obvious growth of muscle occurred (ED 12 - ED 17 and D 1 - D 14). For slow-growing Beijing-You chickens, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of 77–99 differential abundance (DA) proteins and 63–72 metabolites, indicated significant enrichment of molecules and pathways related to protein processing and PPAR signaling. For fast-growing Cobb chickens, analysis of 68–95 DA proteins and 56–59 metabolites demonstrated that molecules and pathways related to ATP production were significantly enriched after ED12. For IMF, several rate-limiting enzymes for beta-oxidation of fatty acid (ACADL, ACAD9, HADHA and HADHB) were identified as candidate biomarkers for IMF deposition in both breeds.ConclusionsThis study found that ED 17 - D 1 was the earliest period for IMF accumulation. Pathways related to protein processing and PPAR signaling were enriched to support high capacity of embryonic IMF accumulation in Beijing-You. Pathways related to ATP production were enriched to support the fast muscle growth in Cobb. The beta-oxidation of fatty acid is identified as the key pathway regulating chicken IMF deposition at early stages.
Highlights
Skeletal muscle development is closely linked to meat production and its quality
Hyperplasia refers to the increasing in cell number or muscle fiber number which occurs mainly in embryonic periods as the numbers of adipocytes and muscle fibers are fixed by the day of hatching [4, 5]
Development of breast muscle and accumulation of intramuscular fat during mid-incubation to early posthatch growth The local BJY chickens had distinct breast muscle features when compared with Cobb chickens
Summary
Skeletal muscle development is closely linked to meat production and its quality. This study is the first to quantify the proteomes and metabolomes of breast muscle in two distinct chicken breeds at embryonic day 12 (ED 12), ED 17, post-hatch D 1 and D 14 using mass spectrometry-based approaches. Skeletal muscle constitutes the largest proportion and most valuable component of meat mass; its development is closely associated with the amount of meat production and its quality. The development of skeletal muscle depends on myogenesis and, to some extent, on adipogenesis. The muscle mass and IMF content are both determined by cell numbers and unit cell size. Velleman et al (2007) observed that breast muscle organizational differences among breeds and between sexes begin to occur between embryonic 20 days (ED 20) and ED 25 in turkeys.
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