Abstract
The following quaternary ammonium salts and zwitterionic buffers were found to act as uncouplers of photophosphorylation in chloroplasts under conditions of low ionic strength: choline, tetramethyl and tetraethylammonium chlorides, and tricine and bicine buffers. These compounds stimulated electron transport and inhibited the 515-nm absorption change. The quaternary ammonium salts were also shown to inhibit ATP formation and light-induced proton uptake in a manner that suggests they prevent proton binding. Uncoupling was prevented by low concentrations of alkali metal and divalent cations. Larger quaternary ammonium salts, such as tetrapropyl ammonium and tetrabutyl ammonium cations, inhibited the 515-nm absorption change but not phosphorylation or proton uptake suggesting that they act as permeant cations.
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