Abstract
O Earnings at Risk (EaR) é uma medida de risco financeiro aplicável a empresas não financeiras, assim como o Cash Flow at Risk (CFaR). Esta medida se baseia numa relação que pode ser quantificada através de modelos de regressão linear múltipla, nos quais a variável resposta é a variação do resultado da empresa, e as variáveis explicativas são variações nos diversos fatores de risco. A presença de correlação entre variáveis explicativas (multicolinearidade) neste modelo pode provocar problemas nos cálculos do EaR e do CfaR. Nesse trabalho, apontaremos algumas possíveis consequências deste problema no processo de cálculo do EaR, e apresentaremos uma proposta para contorná-lo baseada na técnica de Análise de Componentes Principais. Escolhemos para análise o setor de agronegócio, especificamente o ramo de papel e celulose. Mostraremos que, na ausência de correlação significativa entre as variáveis, o modelo proposto tem desempenho equivalente ao da regressão linear múltipla usual. Na presença de correlação, encontramos evidências de que o modelo aqui proposto produz previsões mais confiáveis e precisas.
Highlights
Brazilian agriculture industry currently represents around 33% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 42% of exports and 37% of jobs created in the country
Earnings at Risk (EaR) adapts Value at Risk (VaR) for non-financial companies and estimates the worst variation in earnings of the company, for a fixed time horizon and with a pre-established confidence level, and this forecast is based on the values of specific risk factors, which influence the firm’s operational and financial results
This paper develops an alternative model to measure each risk factor impact, complements previous researches and contributes to broaden literature related with risk exposure measurement of non-financial firms
Summary
Brazilian agriculture industry currently represents around 33% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 42% of exports and 37% of jobs created in the country These data were obtained from a Brazilian organization named Portal do Agronegocio – directed for research, development, planning and business management in the agribusiness field – and show the importance of the sector to Brazil’s economy (http://www.portaldoagronegocio.com.br/). Features inherent to this industry include harvest shock and shortage risk, price variation from the initial planting decision until physical delivery, products seasonality, currency exchange risk and over supply in global markets.
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