Ultrasound-assisted chelation of whey protein isolates with iron: Effects of power variation on protein conformation and binding efficacy

The optical monitoring using chromatic filtering of the thermal radiation from a molten zone could be applied to the pulsed laser cutting. The variation of transmittance profiles of a molten zone for different wavelengths made the chromatic filtering successful in laser cutting. Using this optical monitoring method, we could control the focus shift within the required depth and maintain the uniform kerf width for cutting of an arbitrarily shaped workpiece. The effect of power variation during the laser cutting was investigated and the focus control and the kerf width were not affected by the power variation of up to 10 %.The optical monitoring using chromatic filtering of the thermal radiation from a molten zone could be applied to the pulsed laser cutting. The variation of transmittance profiles of a molten zone for different wavelengths made the chromatic filtering successful in laser cutting. Using this optical monitoring method, we could control the focus shift within the required depth and maintain the uniform kerf width for cutting of an arbitrarily shaped workpiece. The effect of power variation during the laser cutting was investigated and the focus control and the kerf width were not affected by the power variation of up to 10 %.

It has previously been shown that cyclists are unable to maintain a constant power output during cycle time-trials on hilly courses. The purpose of the present study is therefore to quantify these effects of power variation using a mathematical model of cycling performance. A hypothetical cyclist (body mass: 70 kg, bicycle mass: 10 kg) was studied using a mathematical model of cycling, which included the effects of acceleration. Performance was modelled over three hypothetical 40-km courses, comprising repeated 2.5-km sections of uphill and downhill with gradients of 1%, 3%, and 6%, respectively. Amplitude (5–15%) and distance (0.31–20.00 km) of variation were modelled over a range of mean power outputs (200–600 W) and compared to sustaining a constant power. Power variation was typically detrimental to performance; these effects were augmented as the amplitude of variation and severity of gradient increased. Varying power every 1.25 km was most detrimental to performance; at a mean power of 200 W, performance was impaired by 43.90 s (±15% variation, 6% gradient). However at the steepest gradients, the effect of power variation was relatively independent of the distance of variation. In contrast, varying power in parallel with changes in gradient improved performance by 188.89 s (±15% variation, 6% gradient) at 200 W. The present data demonstrate that during hilly time-trials, power variation that does not occur in parallel with changes in gradient is detrimental to performance, especially at steeper gradients. These adverse effects are substantially larger than those previously observed during flat, windless time-trials.

The present paper deals with deposition of titanium and zirconium oxynitride films prepared from co-sputtering titanium and zirconium targets by reactive RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of power variation on various properties of the deposited films is analysed. The film gets transformed from amorphous to well crystalline oxynitride films with gradual increase of target powers as observed from XRD graphs. The films exhibit hydrophilic and hydrophobic behaviours depending upon the presence of various phases. Surface energy decreases as the film properties change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic due to greater contact angle values. The optical properties were measured by UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer, transmission spectra and bandgap values show variation with respect to change in elemental composition as determined from EDS analysis.

Protein kinases (PKs) regulate various cellular functions, and aretargeted by small-molecule kinase inhibitors (KIs) in cancers and other diseases. However, drugresistance (DR) of KIs occursthrough critical mutations in four types of representative hotspots, including gatekeeper, G-loop, αC-helix, and A-loop. KI DRhas become a common clinical complication affecting multiple cancers, targeted kinases, and drugs. To tackle this challenge, we report an upgraded webserver, namely Dr.Kinase, for predicting the loci of four DR hotspots and assessing effects of mutations on DR hotspots for PKs inour previous studies, by utilizing multimodal features and deep hybrid learning. The performance of Dr.Kinase has been rigorously evaluated using independent testing, demonstrating excellent accuracy with area under the curvevalues exceeding 0.89 in different types of DR hotspot predictions. We further conducted in silico analyses to evaluate and validate the epidermal growth factor receptor mutations on protein conformation and KIs'binding efficacy. Dr.Kinase is freely available at http://modinfor.com/drkinase, with comprehensive annotations and visualizations. We anticipate that Dr. Kinase will be a highly useful service for thebasic, translational, and clinical community to unveil the molecular mechanisms of DR and the development of next-generation KIs for emerging cancer precision medicine.

Effect of power variations across a fuel bundle and within a fuel element on fuel centerline temperature in PHWR bundles in uncrept and crept pressure tubes

A microwave film deposition unit can be designed with the use of a domestic microwave oven with a quartz tube kept inside the chamber. Air is used as the medium for the formation of plasma. The plasma induced in the quartz tube is a medium for coating the nano particles in the glass substrate. Calorimetric calibration for various heating loads under standard conditions of supply voltage, time of heating, position and quantity were done. Parameters like position of the vessel in the chamber, supply voltages to magnetron, load volume and the heating time influence the load performance. The calorimetric calibrations were carried out with varying heating loads like coconut oil, engine oil, fruit juice and water. It was observed that coconut oil absorbed maximum microwave energy whereas engine oil absorbed minimum. The study points out the differences between coconut oil and engine oil with respect to their heating characteristics under exposure to microwave energy.

In the present study, welding of Inconel-625 through the use of microwave hybrid heating (MHH) has been achieved at two power levels 600 W and 900 W in a low-cost home microwave oven. Nickel-based powder EWAC was used as filler interface between faying surfaces. Effect of power variation on the metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of the microwave welded joints has been investigated. Developed joints were characterized through XRD, optical microscope, SEM, universal testing machine and Vickers microhardness tester. XRD study of the weld zone indicated the formation of various carbides and intermetallics. Joint microstructures witnessed a completely fused weld interface without any interfacial cracks. EDS analysis of the joint microstructure revealed lesser amount of segregation of niobium and molybdenum with the specimens developed at 600 W which could be attributed to the lower heat input associated with 600 W power that also resulted in fine grain structure. Further, the specimens processed at 600 W exhibited better tensile and flexural properties when compared to their counterparts produced at 900 W power. Fractography study of the specimens revealed a combined ductile and brittle fracture.

The mechanisms of heat transfer and heat generation in an electroslag process are considered and related to operating characteristics of the process. It is concluded that the form of heat transfer in the slag/mold wall region has a profound effect on the ingot surface. Also, it is noted that the presence of the slag layer has an over-all effect on the heat balance which accounts for the shallow ingot pool-profiles found in ESR ingots. The nature of chemical reactions in the electroslag process is briefly discussed in relation to the oxygen content of ESR ingots. Finally, the synergistic character of ESR process parameters is illustrated by considering the effect of power variations on the ingot solidification pattern.

The investigation into high-performance high current ultra low dropout regulator (LDO) was described in the paper. In the circuit design, prereference is used as a method of controlling the power of circuit to minimize the effect of power variation on functional block parameter, thus achieving the goal of enhancing voltage regulation. In the layout design, trim design for bandgap reference source and output resistive sampling network is done to improve the circuit temperature performance and the output voltage accuracy; the vertical PNP transistor with higher gain is used as a regulating transistor to increase the output current. In the process technology, a unique SOI based high voltage complementary bipolar process is used which will most likely be a key to manufacturing the NEMS and nano devices we are currently developing. The maximum operational voltage of the LDO is 18V, the output voltage is 5.0V, and the accuracy is plusmn0.8%. The maximum output current is 3A. The difference between input and output voltages is less than 0.45V. The voltage regulation is less than 5mV. The current regulation is less than 25mV. The quiescent current is less than 3mA. The temperature coefficient is less than 50ppm/degree C. And the performance parameters of the LDO correspond to that of world's best LDO, and part of parameters such as voltage regulation is the best in the world

In this article, ZnO thin-film deposition on a glass substrate was done using microwave induced oxygen plasma based CVD system. The prepared thin-films were tested in terms of crystallinity and optical properties by varying the microwave power. The effect of power variation on the morphology and size of final products was carefully investigated. The crystal structure, chemical composition and morphology of the final products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). This technique confirmed the presence of hexagonal ZnO nanocrystals in all the thin-films. The minimum crystallite grain size as obtained from the XRD measurements was ~9.7 nm and the average diameter was ~18 nm.

Laser recording with a Gaussian beam and focusing lens of finite aperture is analyzed. It is shown that, for a given recorded spot size, optimal values exist for the lens f/number and filling factor, the ratio of Gaussian beam diameter to lens diameter, which minimize power. Sensitivity curves are presented for power vs f/number and vs filling factor. The on-axis focal plane intensity is maximized by deviating from the optimal filling factor at the expense of a slight power increase. Effects of power variations on recorded spot size are considered.

Enhancement in the asymmetric line shape of Fano resonance is observed and extensively examined for cavities in plasmonic crystals of ellipsoidal silver nanoparticles with hexagonal arrangement. Scattering models for ellipsoidal and cylindrical nanoparticles are compared and it is found that the spectral interference between the cavity mode and the background scattering mode results in a sharp asymmetric peak, which is the defining characteristic of Fano resonance. It is found that the cavity in ellipsoidal nanoparticles yields high transmission at a wavelength of 1600 nm compared with its cylindrical counterpart. Higher harmonic generation is also observed, which confirms the ultrahigh cavity response in ellipsoidal nanoparticles. The effect of power variation on the Fano resonance profile is described, and its application in the field of switching is explored. In addition, the influence of mutual interparticle coupling on Fano line shapes for transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarization is reported. The extraordinary rise in asymmetric line shapes of the Fano resonance promises profound applications in the field of sensing, switching, and lasing devices.

The effect of power variation on the polymerization kinetics and on the polymer structure is reported for RF glow discharges fed with C2F6–H2 mixtures. Both deposition rate and polymer structure trends can be correlated to the variations of gas‐phase species density (atoms, radicals, and charged species) and can be explained by considering the competition of the deposition and etching process.

Tribological Characterization of TiN Coatings Prepared by Sputtering

Mercury cadmium telluride films were grown by the RF magnetron sputtering technique at different sputtering powers. In experiment, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to characterize the microstructure of HgCdTe films. The experimental results showed that when the growth power increased, the growth rate of HgCdTe films increased; when the growth power was less than 30 W, the HgCdTe film deposited by RF magnetron sputtering was amorphous; when the growth power was more than 30 W, the films exhibited polycrystalline structure. Films deposited at different growth rates were found to have characteristically different formations and surface morphologies; as observed through AFM, the surface morphology is composed of longitudinal islands forming a maze-like pattern in the high deposition rate. AFM analysis also illustrated that a significant reduction in the areal density of large islands and characteristically smoother films was achieved using a low deposition rate.