Abstract
Endometriosis is a debilitating disease characterized by endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity. Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) indicates the presence of ectopic endometrium between the peritoneum and the skin, including subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscle layers, often following obstetric and gynecological surgical procedures. AWE is a not infrequent gynecological surgical complication, due to the increasing number of cesarean sections worldwide. In this pictorial review, we discuss the importance of medical history and physical examination, including the main ultrasound features in the diagnosis of AWE.
Highlights
Endometriosis is a debilitating disease characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity
Physical examination can reveal a palpable, tender, cutaneous mass on abdominal incision, sometimes with multiple tiny red orifices protruding from the skin
Cutaneous endometriosis (CE) is often confused with other dermatological conditions, making the differential diagnosis difficult. [18]
Summary
Endometriosis is a debilitating disease characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity. The diagnosis of endometriosis should be based on a structured process involving a combination of patient interviews, clinical examination, and imaging [5,6]. This disorder affects women of reproductive age and generally occurs in pelvic sites, such as the ovaries, bowel, or pelvic peritoneum [7]. Imaging represents a mainstay of the diagnosis and follow-up of abdomino-pelvic diseases [14,15,16] In this pictorial review, the authors provide a practical overview on abdominal ultrasound imaging of wall endometriosis, considering the cutaneous, umbilical, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and groin (inguinal canal) locations
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