Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ultrasonication and solvent types on oil extraction and biodiesel production from date palm kernels. Three solvent types, hexane, isopropyl alcohol and ethanol, were used for the oil extraction and ultrasound was applied for 5 min to 25 min at five levels using an ultrasonic dismembrator. Biodiesel was produced using transesterification of oils with methanol and potassium hydroxide. The composition of the fatty acid methyl ester was determined using gas chromatography. Ultrasound-assisted hexane oil extraction provided the highest oil yield by extracting the 85 % of the total available oil present in the palm kernels. The biodiesel samples produced from oils extracted with and without ultrasonication had similar physical and chemical properties. Ultrasonication has a potential to enhance the industrial processes by reducing the oil extraction time and energy.
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