Abstract
Blueberry wine residues produced during the wine-brewing process contain abundant anthocyanins and other bioactive compounds. To extract anthocyanins from blueberry wine residues more efficiently, a novel procedure of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (UADESE) was proposed in this work. The extraction process was optimized by response surface methodology coupled with genetic algorithm. The optimum extraction parameters to achieve the highest yield of anthocyanins (9.32 ± 0.08 mg/g) from blueberry wine residues by UADESE were obtained at water content of 29%, ultrasonic power of 380 W, extraction temperature of 55 °C, and extraction time of 40 min. The AB-8 macroporous resin combined with Sephadex LH-20 techniques was used to purify the crude extract (CE) obtained under optimum extraction conditions and analyze the anthocyanins composition by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The cyanidin-3-rutinoside with purity of 92.81% was obtained. The HepG2 antitumor activity of CE was better than that of the purified anthocyanins component. Moreover, CE could increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and the apoptosis, and arrest HepG2 cells in the S phases. These findings provided an effective and feasible method for anthocyanins extraction, and reduced the environmental burden of this waste.
Highlights
Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Academic Editor: Lucia Panzella
This study aims to: (1) optimize the extraction conditions for the ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (UADESE) anthocyanins from blueberry wine residues by using Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with genetic algorithm (GA); (2) analyze the anthocyanins composition of the crude extract (CE) obtained under optimum extraction conditions by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ESI-MS/MS, and (3) evaluate the HepG2 antitumor activity of the CE and the purified anthocyanins component
The optimum extraction parameters to achieve the highest yield of anthocyanins (9.75 mg/g) from blueberry wine residues by using the UADESE were highest yield of anthocyanins
Summary
Blueberry wine residues produced during the wine-brewing process contain abundant anthocyanins and other bioactive compounds. CE could increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and the apoptosis, and arrest HepG2 cells in the S phases. These findings provided an effective and feasible method for anthocyanins extraction, and reduced the environmental burden of this waste. Blueberry wine residues include these bioactive compounds. These organic residues, as byproducts and waste materials, are often discarded or processed into cheap animal feed, which leads to increase processing costs. The improper handling of residues has a negative effect on the environment
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