Abstract
The paper presents experimental results concerning the ultrasonically-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Erodium glaucophyllum roots. A comparison with conventional methodology is presented, and thereby the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts are evaluated. The phenolic profile of Erodium extracts was analyzed by TOF–LC–MS–MS. The identification of phenolic compounds revealed that the major component was (+)-gallocatechin in the aqueous extracts obtained for the different extraction methodologies. The highest quantity of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity was found in the hydroethanolic extract obtained by conventional extraction (29.22–25.50 mg GAE/g DM; 21.174 mM Trolox equivalent). The highest content of carotenoids, varying from 0.035 to 0.114 mg/g dry matter, was reached by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Furthermore, Erodium extracts showed a potent inhibition of the inflammatory reaction by means of the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The extracts obtained when ultrasound extraction was combined with ethanol:water (50:50, v/v) presented the greatest inhibition (92%).
Highlights
Erodium glaucophyllum belongs to a genus of flowering plants which have been used from ancient times in traditional medicine due to their health attributes
Assessment of Total Phenolic Compounds, Total Flavonoids, Phenolic Profile, Carotenoid Content, and Firstly, the contents of the total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids, carotenoids, and the total antioxidant capacity of the E. glaucophyllum hydroethanolic extracts obtained after conventional extraction (CE) or ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were evaluated (Figure 1)
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE): extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction; CE: extracts obtained by conventional extraction
Summary
Erodium glaucophyllum belongs to a genus of flowering plants which have been used from ancient times in traditional medicine due to their health attributes Some of these beneficial properties have been linked to their high content of antioxidant bioactive components, such as vitamin C, polyphenols and carotenoids, among others. Molecules 2020, 25, 1759 glaucophyllum, several attempts have been made, especially in North Africa, to evaluate its potential use in the areas of agri-food, pharmaceutics, and cosmetics [1,2] In this vein, Munekata et al [1] and Al-snafi [3] reviewed the phytochemical profile of Erodium sp. Showing the potential of Erodium cicutarium as a source of vitamin C and phenolic compounds (eg., tannins, catechins, gallic and ellagic acids), with antibacterial and antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Bouaziz et al [4] observed that the aerial part of Erodium glaucophyllum presented the highest levels of total phenols and flavonoids after evaluating the phytochemical composition of 25 plants from southern Tunisia, as well as powerful antioxidant activity
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