Abstract
This paper reports the application of ultrasound in the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes over two novel Pd/Boehmite catalysts. The semi-hydrogenations of phenylacetylene, diphenylacetylene and 2-butyne-1,4-diol have either been investigated in an ultrasonic bath under atmospheric hydrogen pressure, or in an ultrasonic horn reactor under 0.1–0.5MPa hydrogen pressure. Alkyne hydrogenation was suppressed by sonication under atmospheric hydrogen pressure, but promoted by sonication under 0.1MPa of hydrogen pressure. Sonication increased selectivity towards the semi-hydrogenated products in both cases. Catalyst loading, hydrogen pressure, temperature and the presence of quinoline, all impacted on hydrogenation rate, activity and selectivity to semi-hydrogenated products. Palladium leaching from the catalyst was evaluated in ethanol and hexane both under plain stirring and sonication.
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