Abstract
This paper reports how the geometry of the sidewall as it is penetrated by the weld pool during gas metal arc welding (GMAW) can be detected by high-frequency sound waves. The penetration geometry is detected using a piezoelectric transducer, operating in the pulse-echo mode, to generate shear sound waves that travel through the base metal to the weld region. The received echoes contain information that can be related to the sidewall penetration and thus to the quality of the weld. Different geometries can be discriminated using expert system methods, thus providing the potential of sending information on sidewall penetration to a closed-loop welding system for real-time feedback control to assure adequate sidewall penetration.
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