Ultrasonic intensification of leaching in dearsenization processes of tin concentrate

Technogenic placers are characterized by a chaotic distribution of gold and other valuable components, which restricts their industrial mining for gold. The development of an effective mining method for technogenic placers is therefore of great national economic importance. The study is aimed at creating a new type of technogenic placer deposits with high gold grade zones, to be formed through the preferred vertical migration of high-density particles under the influence of natural and industrial factors. The resulting enriched zone shall have higher gold grades as compared to the original technogenic mass, with a thickness equal to 45–60 % of the thickness of the technogenic placer. This will reduce the volume of sand to be washed and significantly cut the related operating costs. This technology will allow mining technogenic placer deposits that have been previously considered unprofitable. The study is aimed at finding the optimal parameters of rock mass cyclic flooding and drainage that would ensure the most intensive migration of gold particles, as well as at assessing the effect of rock mass grain-size distribution on the intensity of gold migration. The data obtained facilitate a significant expansion in the theoretical knowledge on gold particle migration and identification of migration intensity patterns for various gold particle sizes, depending on the seepage flow parameters and mining and geological characteristics of the rock mass in respective technogenic placers.The work was carried out with the financial support of Government of the Khabarovsk Territory under the program «On the provisionof grants in the form of subsidie s from the regional budget for the implementation of projects in the field of scientific research in the direction of natural, technical, humanitarian and social sciences».The research was carried out using the resources of the Center for Collective Use of Scientific Equipment «Center for Processing and Storing Scientific Data of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under project No. 075-15-2021-663.Experimental studies, sample preparation, determination of gold content were carried out on the basis of the Center for Collective Use «Center for Research of Mineral Raw Materials» of the Khabarovsk Federal Research Center of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS.

In the article, the author analyses the system of general secondary education in the Republic of Bulgaria from the perspective of administrative law and also examines the regulatory framework for education in this country with a view to identifying the specific features of school education which determine its efficiency and quality. The fundamental rights of Bulgarian citizens to education are enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria. Education in Bulgaria is a national priority, and therefore educational policy is formed and implemented on the following principles: a unified state educational policy to ensure the right to preschool and school education; focus on the interest and motivation of the child and pupil, on age and social changes in life, as well as on the ability to apply the acquired competences in practice. Having analysed the fundamental law of the Republic of Bulgaria “On Preschool and School Education”, the author notes that it is supplemented by a significant number of legal acts issued in the form of resolutions of the Council of Ministers, orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria and a number of other ministries on specialised education programmes. The author pays particular attention to the distribution of administrative powers in the field of education between the Council of Ministers, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria, regional education departments, local self-government bodies and educational institutions. In the author’s opinion, the activities of bodies for consideration and addressing of a wide range of issues at the school level are worthy of further study: these are pedagogical councils, public councils established at each school, and boards of trustees established to attract additional financial and material resources to support school activities and control their intended use. Based on the study, the author concludes that public administration of the general secondary education in Bulgaria is characterised by deep democratization and decentralization, as well as expansion of the autonomy given to schools. While the main subject of public administration in the field of general secondary education in Bulgaria is the Ministry of Science and Education, a significant role is also played by regional education departments and local governments, where the former provide methodological support to educational institutions, and the latter supervise and control directly the educational institutions.

State of matter: 
 At all historical stages, the category «undertake or undertake» was actively used both in the framework of Xenophon's economy and in the framework of Aristotelian chrematistics, and, therefore, its application could not but affect such a component of social reality as the scientific and pedagogical sphere. It has always been the basis for both the creation of property objects and the training of professional specialists. It follows that science has always acted, in the language of higher mathematics, as «primitive», and «derived» from it has always been «education»", which in turn has influenced science.
 However, contrary to the above, was created by «the Ministry of education and science the Russian Federation», which, as the name implies, a «primitive» began to speak «education» and «science» has become a derived from it. The transformation of the Ministry of education of the Russian Federation into the «Ministry of education (ME) of the Russian Federation» «Ministry of science and higher education (MSHE) of the Russian Federation» and here, as can be seen, gave priority to «education» and only outwardly made «higher education» a derivative of «science», but in practice were preserved and still operate «training scientific centers» and «military training scientific centers».
 Under these conditions, «entrepreneurial activity» in the pedagogical sphere resulted in a direct «transfer of funding» for training from those interested in specialists with higher education of Federal government bodies and legal entities directly to the citizens of their country, and in the scientific sphere turned into a unique «scientific market», where only «intermediaries-entrepreneurs» who are very far from science began to earn money.
 Results: It is proposed to develop a functional structure for the MSHE of the Russian Federation and the MP of the Russian Federation, i.e. «some complex, elements of which are functions or groups of functions that act as «directed effects», expressed by verbs, and the relationship (relationship) between them reflect the order and sequence of their implementation», which must be supplemented by «strategic level», associated with «the best location and use of all ... forces and means», as well as tactical (operational) level, which characterizes the «ability to have ... forces» and used when there is a mismatch between the managing effect and its result.
 Based on the principles of «division of labor and specialization» on the basis of this functional structure is designed to MSHE of the Russian Federation and ME of the Russian Federation organizational structure, which represents «the totality of certain operating facilities, operating groups of objects, and the relationships (links) between them reflect the order and sequence of their work» and includes three interrelated groups operating close to «sources», «authority decision» and «controls».
 The scope of the results: The results obtained can be widely used in practice in a constantly changing business environment.

Highly dispersed, fluorite-like solid solutions (Ce0.80Zr0.10La0.05M0.05O2 – δ), where M = Nd, Sm or Gd, were synthesized by co-precipitating metal hydroxides, followed by heat treatment. The chemical composition of the resulting materials was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. X-ray phase analysis confirmed the formation of the Ce0.80Zr0.10La0.05M0.05O2 – δ solid solutions, where M = Nd, Sm or Gd, based on the cerium dioxide crystal lattice. According to transmission electron microscopy data, the average particle size is 13 ± 2 nm. The synthesised materials have a mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 83–86 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.101–0.104 cm3/g and a pore diameter of 3.6–3.8 nm. The catalysts exhibit high activity in the complete oxidation of methane (model mixture composition: CH4 – 1 vol.%; O2 – 8 vol.%; N2 – balance). A correlation has been established between the catalytic activity of solid solutions and the ionic radius of the rare earth dopant M. The activity of synthesised solid solutions (Ce0.80Zr0.10La0.05M0.05O2 – δ), where M = Nd, Sm or Gd, decreases in the order Gd → Sm → Nd. The highest activity is observed in the presence of the Ce0.80Zr0.10La0.05M0.05O2 – δ catalyst, which has the smallest ionic radius of the M3+ dopants studied. The temperatures at which 50% and 99% conversion are achieved in the presence of the sample are 356 °C and 477 °C, respectively. The application of Ce0.80Zr0.10La0.05M0.05O2 – δ as a carrier for the active component, palladium, shows promise. The catalytic activity of 0.3% PdO/Ce0.80Zr0.10La0.05M0.05O2 – δ exceeds that of the industrial analogue, 0.3% PdO/γ-Al2O3, demonstrating the feasibility of using the synthesized solid solution as a carrier for the active component. The authors would like to thank the Center for Collective Use at the D.I. Mendeleev Russian Chemical Technology University for conducting research on the elemental composition of the samples.The work was carried out as part of a state assignment from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSSM-2023-0004 “Scientific foundations of transition metal-based catalysis systems for promising redox reactions of selective conversion of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organic substrates”).

<p>The activities of ancient population strongly affected the development of landscapes and soils in Western Siberia during the late Holocene. It should be noted that studies devoted to the processes of natural and anthropogenic evolution within this vast territory are extremely irregular. Thus, the significant proportion of the materials on the dynamic of Siberian landscapes in the Holocene, related to the studies of various natural archives and archeological monuments, falls on the southern part of region. On the one hand, this situation is due to the relatively recent development of Western Siberia in relation to the development of hydrocarbon deposits, on the other hand, on the peculiarities of the relief and landscapes prevailing in the central and northern parts of the West Siberian Plain. A significant part of the territory under consideration is characterized by low, poorly dissected relief, which largely contributes to its bogging and widespread distribution of organogenic peat soils. It is not surprising that the deposits of lakes and peat bogs are the main natural archives that provide information on the dynamics of the natural environment within the central parts of Western Siberia and, first of all, the taiga zone, while the potential of mineral soils and sediments from this point of view is insignificant, compared to other regions. At the same time the boreal zone of Western Siberia is very large and includes regions with more complex geomorphological conditions.</p><p>To assess the possibility of using buried soils and colluvial layers in the middle taiga of Western Siberia for reconstruction of the Holocene landscape’s dynamics, we carried out research on two key sites with rather contrast relief and high frequency of archeological sites: in the middle Yugan River Basin and in the North of the Kondinskaya Lowland. Buried soils and colluvial sediments in a number of sections characterizing foots of the steep slopes on the border with peat bogs were selected as objects for our study. Based on the obtained radiocarbon dates it is possible to preliminarily identify several stages of the activation of erosional processes. For the north of the Kondinskaya lowland three remarkable phases of erosional activity were identified, while for the Yugan River Basin the number of phases was larger - 6. It is interesting to note that the obtained results make it possible to correlate these two regions. The presence of a larger number of recorded erosion-pyrogenic events for the Yugan River basin reflects a longer permanent human presence in the area under consideration, which is also consistent with archaeological data.</p><p>The study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and was performed as a part of project FEWZ-2020-0007 “Fundamentals of the natural environment history of the south of Western Siberia and Turgay in the Cenozoic: sequence sedimentology, abiotic geological events and the evolution of the Paleobiosphere“. The studies were carried out using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use "Bioinert Systems of the Cryosphere", Tyumen Scientific Center, SB RAS and RFBR, project number 20-04-00836.</p>

Introduction. The subject of this work is the number, composition and structure of personnel of research organisations subordinate to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, located in regions that differ in terms of research and development conditions. Such information can be useful in identifying stable characteristics of the personnel model of a scientific organisation for the formation of a system of restrictions that will allow in the future to develop an optimal personnel model of a scientific organisation for a given target criterion. Methods. To achieve this goal, theoretical (analysis) and empirical (structuring the available data, generalization, classification, comparison) research methods were used. The empirical base of the research was information on the number and composition of personnel of scientific organisations subordinate to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, presented in the database of the statistical observation form, Form ZP-Science. Results and Discussion A review of the number, composition and structure of personnel of research organisations is carried out for a sample of 278 organisations in several regions of Russia, differing not only in the number of scientific institutions represented on their territory under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, but also in socio-economic conditions. Conclusion. The analysis made it possible to identify the characteristics of the personnel model of a scientific organisation subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, which is resistant to differences in the regional environment.

Проведены сравнительные исследования фазового состава, морфологии, твердости и адгезии поверхности полупроводниковых термоэлектрических ветвей на основе твердого раствора Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 р-типа проводимости, полученных методом горячего прессования, после модификации поверхности различными методами (механическая обработка (МП), импульсная фотонная обработка (ИФО), электрохимическая полировка (ЭХП)). Установлено, что МП упрочняет приповерхностный слой, повышает в 2 раза адгезию коммутационных барьерных слоев Mo–Ni. Последующие ЭХП повышает адгезию слоев Mo–Ni в 1.3 раза, а ИФО в 1.4 раза в сравнении с ветвями после МП.
 
 Работа выполнена с использованием научного оборудования Центра коллективного пользования им. проф. Ю. М. Борисова ВГТУ, Центрально-Черноземного коллективного центра анализа структуры, элементного и химического состава материалов ВГТУ и при финансовой поддержке Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации в рамках постановления Правительства Российской Федерации от 9 апреля 2010г. №218 (Договор № 03.G25.31.0246).

From April to July 2018, a data sample at the peak energy of the resonance was collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. This is the first data sample of the Belle II experiment. Using Bhabha and digamma events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be ( , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle II.

Higher education is a sphere of the humanitarian sector and, despite the intangible nature of its products, does not cease to be a structural element of the national economy. The education sector is forced to compete for the labor market and for the attractiveness of the sector with branches of material production capable of introducing technological innovations. It requires increasing revenues by means of raising the cost of manufactured products, this raise having almost no performance justification. The resulting «cost disease» in the sphere of education makes the products of its non-material production lose their availability and attractiveness to consumers. The purpose of this paper is an econometric analysis of the 2012–2020 «cost disease» in Russian higher education. The article continues the study of 2000–2012 «cost disease» in higher education by I. V. Abankina, T. V. Abankina & P. V. Derkachev. The main research method is econometric (regression) modeling based on time series. The study is based on statistical data from Federal State Statistics Service and from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Our analysis shows that the 2012–2020 trends are similar to those of the previous period. Theoretically, the root cause of the «cost disease» is the lag in technological productivity. In fact, productivity growth rates in higher education exceed those in the economy for the entire period studied. Hence, there was no «cost disease» in 2012–2020 at all. The presence of this disease, however, appears to be confirmed by the manifestations of income deficits and price indices in Russian higher education.

The article deals with changes in the structure of higher education due to the division of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (MES RK) into two departments: the Ministry of Education (ME) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MSHE). The latter has been given the functions and powers in the field of higher and postgraduate education, science, and language policy.

The article addresses social attitudes towards disability in the context of constitutional guarantees of equal access to public services. Its objective is to ascertain the intensity and 1 The paper is funded by the Polish state budget, allocated by the Minister of Education and Science, currently the Minister of Science and Higher Education, as part of the ‘Science for Society II’ programme (NdS-II/SP/0089/2023/01). socio demographic disparities in such attitudes, based on a survey of 2,446 residents of 35 municipalities participating in the “Public Services Accessibility Observatory” project. The study employs an original typology of attitudes – inclusive, advocacy and miserabilist – derived from a structural definition incorporating cognitive, affective and behavioural components. Normatively, it refers to the constitutional principles of equality and non discrimination and the resulting guarantees of equal access to public services for persons with disabilities. The article links prevailing attitudes with the conditions necessary for the effective implementation of these guarantees, demonstrating the extent to which specific social orientations may promote or hinder the full realisation of the constitutional standard in the practice of public services.

Adoption of structural materials that combine high strength with low specific weight ensures a better energy efficiency of industrial machines and equipment. An aluminium part is almost three times lighter than its steel counterpart. However, it takes high-strength materials to replace critical components that are made of steel. There are high-strength aluminium alloys that contain scandium. However, they only find limited application because of high initial cost of scandium. Erbium works similarly to scandium in terms of strengthening of aluminium alloys, and its cost is 32 times lower. The problem of developing Al – Er alloys is of relevance today. At the same time, more study is necessary to understand the effect of erbium on the overall properties of aluminium alloys. The authors looked at the effect of erbium on the structure, mechanical properties and the fracture pattern of AMg5 alloy (Al – Mg system). Due to the melting temperature difference, erbium was introduced in the aluminium melt as part of an addition alloy produced by an advanced hydriding process. This paper describes a combined study into the obtained addition alloys and as-cast and as-deformed alloys. The authors examined the alloys following a classical pattern of materials research: i.e. composition – structure – properties. Special attention was given to understanding the structure. Thus, conventional optical techniques and scanning electron microscopy were applied, including energy dispersive analysis and electron backscattered diffraction technique. Following a uniaxial tensile test, a positive effect of erbium was observed on the strength of AMg5 alloy in the quasi-static loading region. The obtained results indicate that erbium can potentially be used as a doping element for aluminium alloys. Certain actions are proposed aimed at process optimization to maximize the strengthening effect of erbium in aluminium industry.This research was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation under Governmental Assignment no. FSWM-2020-0028.This research was carried out using the facilities of the Tomsk Regional Centre of Shared Knowledge at Tomsk State University and the funding by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation received under Contract No. 075–15-2021–693 (No. 13.ЦКП.21.0012) dated 26/07/2021.

From November 2022 till June 2024 on the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Łódź was implemented project no. B2211900001254000 entitled “What’s New in the Law?”, co-financed by the Ministry of Education and Science (currently: the Ministry of Science and Higher Education) under contract no. SONP/SP/548436/2022 as part of the “Social Responsibility of Science” program. It consisted of conducting classes on the basics of law in 25 schools in the Łódź Province (primary and secondary schools) for a total of 5,482 students. During classes at schools, participants confronted their current knowledge of legal issues with information and cases prepared by the course instructors (Dominika Łukawska-Białogłowska, PhD and Ewa Urbaniak, PhD), and were also encouraged to present their comments and thoughts, including in the form of surveys and conversations, while during meetings at the seat of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Łódź, they took part in simulations of court hearings. The project drew attention to the need to consider changes in the way school students are educated in the field of legal knowledge. The subject of this paper is consideration of the proposed solutions that would contribute – In the author’s opinion – to the development of legal awareness among children and young people.

AimThe aim of this study was to verify the relationship between the need for cognition (NFC) and emotional intelligence (EI) in people with high academic achievement. MethodThis research involved 207 undergraduate and PhD students who were divided into two groups: (1) students who received scholarships from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (currently the Ministry of Education and Science) in recognition of their scientific achievements, and (2) students who did not receive scholarships. The research tools were the Polish version of the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacciopo & Petty, 1982) developed by Matusz, Gąsiorowska and Traczyk (2011) and the Popular Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Jaworowska & Matczak, 2005). ResultsThe need for cognition and emotional intelligence were positively correlated in both groups. Further analyses indicated that high academic achievement does not moderate the relationship between NFC and EI. ConclusionThe study demonstrated that the need for cognition increases with a rise in the ability to manage, use and understand emotions.

T2K has performed the first measurement of \nu{\mu} inclusive charged current interactions on carbon at neutrino energies of ~1 GeV where the measurement is reported as a flux-averaged double differential cross section in muon momentum and angle. The flux is predicted by the beam Monte Carlo and external data, including the results from the NA61/SHINE experiment. The data used for this measurement were taken in 2010 and 2011, with a total of 10.8 x 10^{19} protons-on-target. The analysis is performed on 4485 inclusive charged current interaction candidates selected in the most upstream fine-grained scintillator detector of the near detector. The flux-averaged total cross section is <\sigma_CC>_\phi =(6.91 +/- 0.13 (stat) +/- 0.84 (syst)) x10^{-39} cm^2/nucleon for a mean neutrino energy of 0.85 GeV.