Abstract
The semi-empirical scattering models of trabecular bone were developed and examined for their abilities to mimic the frequency dependent backscattering coefficient measured in the cancellous bone. In the simulation of the bone, rf echoes the real properties of the bone and experimental conditions were taken into account. Tree types of trabeculae mimicking scatterers were considered. First, the bone consisted of cylinders with varying thickness (Gamma distributed) within the population was assumed. The next two cases accounted for the contribution of thick and thin trabeculae to the total backscattered signal. The second model assumed existence of two populations of the cylindrical scatterers significantly differing in the average value of Gamma distributed diameters. Finally, the mixed model composed of thick and thin trabeculae modeled, respectively, by cylindrical and spherical scatterers was examined. The last selection resulted from the similarity found between scattering on small sphere and finite cylinder. Calculated echoes demonstrated the usefulness of the mixed model. Frequency dependence of backscattering coefficient agreed well with the experimentally determined dependences. The study also showed that the amplitude histograms calculated using demodulated rf echoes deviate from the Rayleigh distribution when the variation in scatterers’ diameters increase.
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