Abstract
Emerging strategies involving nanomaterials with high‐atomic‐number elements have been widely developed for radiotherapy in recent years. However, the concern regarding their potential toxicity caused by long‐term body retention still limits their further application. In this regard, rapidly clearable radiosensitizers are highly desired for practical cancer treatment. Thus, in this work, ultrasmall BiOI quantum dots (QDs) with efficient renal clearance characteristic and strong permeability inside solid tumor are designed to address this issue. Additionally, considering that injection methods have great influence on the biodistribution and radiotherapeutic efficacy of radiosensitizers, two common injection methods including intratumoral injection and intravenous injection are evaluated. The results exhibit that intratumoral injection can maximize the accumulation of radiosensitizers within a tumor compared to intravenous injection and further enhance radiotherapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the radiosensitizing effect of BiOI QDs is revealed, which is not only attributed to the radiation enhancement of high‐Z elements but also is owed to the •OH production via catalyzing overexpressed H2O2 within a tumor by BiOI QDs under X‐ray irradiation. As a result, this work proposes a treatment paradigm to employ ultrasmall radiosensitizers integrated with local intratumoral injection to realize rapid clearance and high‐efficiency radiosensitization for cancer therapy.
Highlights
Radiotherapy (RT), using high-energy ionizing radiation such as γ-ray or X-ray for tumor ablation, is one of the most primary methods for cancer treatment.[1]
The results indicate that BiOI quantum dots (QDs) can be rapidly eliminated by renal metabolic pathway in any injection method and have a significantly low-level accumulation in liver and spleen, which forebodes that ultrasmall BiOI QDs can minimize their potential biotoxicity caused by long-term retention
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis was carried out to confirm the composition of as-prepared BiOI QDs (Figure S1, Supporting Information), and the chemical state of elements in BiOI QDs was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; Figure 1d and Figure S2, Supporting Information)
Summary
Radiotherapy (RT), using high-energy ionizing radiation such as γ-ray or X-ray for tumor ablation, is one of the most primary methods for cancer treatment.[1]. Www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedscience.com applied to all tumors in situ involving some deep-seated tumors, in which the nanoradiosensitizers can passively target to tumor sites through the enhanced permeation and retention effect.[9] the portion for these radiosensitizers that can accumulate in tumor sites is usually no more than a quarter of the total injected dose.[10] And this injection approach may cause the accumulation of radiosensitizers in healthy tissues, resulting in serious issue of biosafety For intratumoral injection, it can maximize the content of radiosensitizers within tumor compared to intravenous injection because the strategy can reduce the loss of radiosensitizers during the longterm circulation in blood, which may achieve better radiotherapeutic efficacy. The work provides a new idea to realize biosafety and high-efficiency radiosensitization by introducing ultrasmall renal-clearable nanoparticles as radiosensitizers combined with local intratumoral method, which may contribute to the further clinical translational research (Scheme 1)
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