Abstract
ABSTRACTUltrafine aerosol particles (UFAP, diameter < 100 nm) emitted from laser printers have been considered as toxic aerosol. To address the response relationship between the operating parameters and real-time ultrafine emissions, three commercial printers were used to experimentally investigate their emission characteristics under different operating parameters including: the ready process, the number of pages printed, the page coverage and the print mode. The results showed that ultrafine particle emissions varied with the printer model. No causal correlation existed between the ultrafine particle number concentration and the PM2.5 mass concentration of a specific printer. Ultrafine particle emission characteristics were highly associated with operating parameters other than printer/cartridge toner model. Not all of the tested printers displayed ultrafine particle emissions in the ready process. Ultrafine particle emissions increased with increasing number of printed pages and page coverage with a nonlinear relationship. Compared with continuous printing, intermittent printing has a so-called “peak-shaving” or “peak-shift” effect. The results may help to provide a simple and effective way to control and reduce ultrafine particle emissions from laser printers by means of improvement of operating conditions.
Highlights
Emissions of hazardous pollutants from office equipment such as printers and photocopiers have become an important environmental issue related to indoor air quality (Tuomi et al, 2000; He et al, 2004; Destaillats et al, 2008; Morawska et al, 2013)
The aim of this work is to present a detailed investigation of the effects of operating parameters including: ready process (RP), number of pages (NP), page coverage (PC) and print mode (PM) on particle emissions for different laser printers
It was found that in a short period following the onset of printing, ultrafine particle emissions presented a climbing trend that increased as the printing proceeded
Summary
Emissions of hazardous pollutants from office equipment such as printers and photocopiers have become an important environmental issue related to indoor air quality (Tuomi et al, 2000; He et al, 2004; Destaillats et al, 2008; Morawska et al, 2013). With the increasing quantity of laser printers used in offices and the increasing application of engineered nanoparticles in toner cartridge manufacturing, the emission of ultrafine particles Ultrafine aerosol particle emissions from laser printers have been investigated with emphasis on estimation of the particle emission rate (Wang et al, 2012), the particle elemental composition (Morawska et al, 2009; Barthel et al, 2011) and the particle surficial characteristics (Jiang and Lu, 2010) in the last decade. Most of the research has focused on exploring the effects of printer hardware on ultrafine particle emissions
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