Abstract
An accurate extraction of physiological and physical signals from human skin is crucial for health monitoring, disease prevention, and treatment. Recent advances in wearable bioelectronics directly embedded to the epidermal surface are a promising solution for future epidermal sensing. However, the existing wearable bioelectronics are susceptible to motion artifacts as they lack proper adhesion and conformal interfacing with the skin during motion. Here, we present ultra-conformal, customizable, and deformable drawn-on-skin electronics, which is robust to motion due to strong adhesion and ultra-conformality of the electronic inks drawn directly on skin. Electronic inks, including conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics, are drawn on-demand in a freeform manner to develop devices, such as transistors, strain sensors, temperature sensors, heaters, skin hydration sensors, and electrophysiological sensors. Electrophysiological signal monitoring during motion shows drawn-on-skin electronics’ immunity to motion artifacts. Additionally, electrical stimulation based on drawn-on-skin electronics demonstrates accelerated healing of skin wounds.
Highlights
An accurate extraction of physiological and physical signals from human skin is crucial for health monitoring, disease prevention, and treatment
The DoS ink materials and various electronic devices development and evaluations set the foundation for DoS electronics, a novel bioelectronics platform
The inclusion of semiconductor and dielectric inks that are drawable on skin enables the development of active electronics, directly on skin
Summary
An accurate extraction of physiological and physical signals from human skin is crucial for health monitoring, disease prevention, and treatment. We present ultra-conformal Drawn-on-Skin (DoS) electronics as a new bioelectronics platform for on-demand multifunctional, motion artifact-free sensing. Compared to existing wearable and/or printed bioelectronics fabricated based on dedicated equipment[13,14,15,16,17], DoS electronics has numerous advantages including: simple fabrication without dedicated equipment, ability to deposit electronic materials to dynamic surfaces, capability to construct active electronics, multifunctionality of devices and sensors, immunity to motion artifacts without the need for additional hardware or computation, which offers an unprecedented solution to the long-standing challenge in the bioelectronics field, and customizability for personalized point-of-care treatment. DoS electronics devices such as thin-film transistors, strain sensors, temperature sensors, heaters, hydration sensors, and electrophysiological (EP) sensors have been developed with features of skin-textured surface, curvilinear shape, and mechanical deformability. Studies of the materials and device design, fabrication, characterization, and applications in motion artifact-free sensing and wound healing portray the crucial capabilities and applicability of the DoS electronics platform
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