UKRAINIANS IN URUGUAY: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Dewey, Implementation, and Creating a Democratic Civic University

The Turkish Republic emerged onto the world stage as a secular and centralized nation state in the early 1920s from the remnants of the multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-lingual Ottoman Empir...

Berlin, which is a separate federal state in Germany, has been considered one of the largest multicultural cities in the world in recent decades: it is home to numerous diasporas from different parts of the world (the Middle East, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Southern and Eastern Europe), which largely shape its modern face. Since 1991, the Ukrainian community, which had been virtually unrepresented in the city divided after the Second World War, has also gained an important place in Berlin. Ukrainians arrived in the city for various reasons and purposes: repatriation of ethnic Germans and their families, emigration along the Jewish line, family reunification, job search, study, illegal immigration, etc. As a result, Ukrainians now have a number of their own organisations, cultural and religious centres here, and Berlin itself, along with Munich, is considered one of the most important Ukrainian centres in Germany. The purpose of the study is to analyse Ukrainian migration processes in 1991–2015 and the situation of the Ukrainian community in Berlin. Accordingly, the main objectives of the study are to examine the dynamics of the Ukrainian community in the city, to identify the main aspects of the migration movement of the new wave of Ukrainian emigration, its integration into German society, and to highlight the social and cultural life of Ukrainians in the German capital.

Heart Work: The Handbook on the Surviving and Thriving of Cultural and Identity Centers in Higher Education highlights the experiences of student affairs professionals working in these centers. This handbook offers a blend of personal stories and the latest research on cultural and identity centers, building on Dr. Lori Patton Davis’ 2010 book, Culture Centers in Higher Education: Perspectives on Identity, Theory, and Practice. Since 2010, these centers have navigated significant challenges, including the #BlackLivesMatter movement, the Trump Era, White Supremacy, Anti-Asian Racism, and increased focus on institutional and anti-Black racism. The book delves into the experiences and histories of various cultural and identity centers, including Latinx/a/o Cultural Centers, Asian Pacific Islander/Asian Pacific Islander Desi American Cultural Centers, Native/Indigenous Cultural Centers, Black/African American Cultural Centers, Disability Resource Centers, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Queer+ Centers, Women’s Centers, and Undocumented Student Resource Centers. In light of recent events affecting minoritized populations, it also covers topics such as evolving practices in cultural/identity centers, university politics, and strategies for practitioners to advance and sustain the Heart Work. Heart Work offers community members – especially potential and current practitioners, faculty, and staff in higher education – an understanding of the recent environmental context of cultural and identity centers. As our society evolves, recognizing that identities are not monolithic and embracing intersectionality allows for a deeper understanding of oppression and lived experiences. This handbook aims to bridge the gap by continuing the research and practice of cultural and identity centers in higher education.

Background. Ukrainian communities are extremely active abroad, and the Baltic countries are no exception. Comparing Ukrainian communities in these geographically close countries, it should be noted that they have many differences in their development. Every year, the number of Ukrainians in these countries increases, especially after the Revolution of Dignity and the beginning of ATO in Eastern Ukraine. It is worth noting that Ukrainian communities in these countries have similar historical prerequisites for their creation. Formed at the beginning of the 20th century, Ukrainian communities were just beginning their active activities, which were almost stopped by the Soviet regime. Public associations of national minorities did not operate during this period due to state policy. But despite this, the number of ethnic Ukrainians here was constantly increasing. The source base for further research was formed on the basis of a survey of Ukrainians living in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Currently, there is no single thorough work that would investigate and compare the life of the Ukrainian community in the Baltic states in the modern period. Methods. The research used observational methods that allow the most complete interpretation of the obtained results. In the form of a highly specialized observation, the process of activity of the Ukrainian community in the Baltic countries as an object of research is considered. The included observation consisted of the author's direct presence in the Baltic countries, attending community events and their centers, as well as during private conversations and interviews with community members. Results. At the same time, a significant number of respondents in all three countries noted that they see themselves and their families in these countries even after 5 years. That is, we can understand that local Ukrainians have decided on their country for life and do not consider the Baltic countries as a temporary "refuge". Given that the survey itself took place before the full-scale invasion of Russia into the territory of Ukraine, the data obtained may differ, but they are important for further scientific work, as they will serve as a source for comparison in subsequent surveys and studies. Сonclusion. Therefore, it is the systematization and analysis of information about the activities of the Ukrainian community in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia that are extremely relevant, and the research conducted by the author is of an extremely important nature. After all, the Ukrainian community abroad is an important driving force for Ukrainian culture and the popularization of our traditions.

Noteworthy, 2016 has become another crucial landmark in recognizing the remarkable impact of Ukrainian vigorous community, which succeeded in preserving and boosting its heritage values, traditions and language, on all Canada’s walks of life. In this context, this research paper provides an overview of historians, scholars and community members, whereas focusing on a tremendous role that Ukrainians (such as worldly acknowledged Paul Yuzyk, Orest Subtelny, John Sopinka Chrystia Freeland, Sylvia Fedoruk, Edward Michael Stelmach, Myrna Kostash, and newly known Roberta Bondar, Ann Morash, Petro Neborskij, Oleh Lesiuk) play in the Canadian multicultural society. Owing to their social, political and economic integration, Ukrainians have reached a rather high level of culture perception and blending into a mosaic Canadian society. Looking back on a record of Ukrainian Canadians’ achievements, we can witness that by the early 1990’s some of the high-rank positions have been held by the children or grandchildren of humble Ukrainian immigrants, and, moreover, they have earned accomplishments in various domains. To conclude, Ukrainian Canadians proved that by their exemplary service, enthusiasm and commitment to Canada’s common purpose, they could, collectively as a community, work toward a common goal, ensure their views reached and establish their powerful and valuable existence in Canada.
 Keywords:The 125th anniversary, Canada, Ukrainian community, tremendous achievements, multicultural society

In the aftermath of the Second World War, effective handling of scientific information was identified as crucial for advancement and international competitiveness. Here, we study how the Soviet Union, through the founding of The All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI), developed its own grandiose system which served researchers and engineers throughout the USSR. By studying its inception, the way it was structured, and how it relates to similar grand visions of how to organise knowledge, we provide rare insights into a partly alternative history of how scientific information was organised in the latter half of the 20th century. Based on available sources in English and Russian, we consider the ideas behind this grand initiative for acquiring international literature, as well as how it was received and presented to a foreign audience. In this effort, we put particular emphasis on the first 25 years of VINITI (1952–1977) while at the same time focusing on central ideas in its organisation such as “enrichment”, “abstracting” and “pre-printing”. A key principle emerging from our analysis is how the notion of concentration becomes a fundamental principle for its operations. Overall, the activities of VINITI can today appear as both old-fashioned, bordering on the utopian, and as visionary and modern in its abandonment of journals and traditional forms of peer review.

Throughout the history of the existence of the Rusyn-Ukrainian diaspora in Croatia, several important demographic trends can be traced. One particular characteristic of migrants from Ukrainian lands to the South Slavic territories was the presence of a dual ethnonym: the early wave immigrants brought with them a Rusyn identity, while the subsequent ones carried a Ukrainian identity. As a result, descendants of the Rusyn migration have maintained a certain degree of separateness from the Ukrainians, which complicates the preservation of this minority. The demographic indicators of the Ukrainian community have been influenced by the policies of various governments (Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the Royal and Socialist Yugoslavia, the Republic of Croatia) and military conflicts throughout the 20th to the early 21st century (World Wars, the Serbian-Croatian War, Russian aggression against Ukraine). Determining the exact number of migrants was challenging until population censuses were conducted in Austria-Hungary. Until the 1930s, there was a relatively sharp increase in the number of the Rusyns and the Ukrainians in Croatia: prior to the First World War, thanks to targeted agrarian policies of the Austro-Hungarian government, and during the time of the first Yugoslavia, due to the arrival of Ukrainians as part of Russian White emigration. The period from the 1930s to the 1970s saw a relative stagnation in the size of this minority. Demographic losses during the Second World War were compensated by the resettlement of Rusyn-Ukrainian population from other Yugoslavian republics. Starting from the 1970s, we have observed a steady decline in the Rusyn-Ukrainian diaspora. This process was further complicated by the consequences of the Serbian-Croatian War of 1991–1995, divisions within the Rusyn-Ukrainian organizations, and globalization processes, which resulted in the assimilation of these small ethnic groups. At the same time, the demographic crisis was mitigated by a favorable policy of the Croatian government towards national minorities, which provided relatively generous funding while simultaneously dividing the Rusyns and the Ukrainians. As a result of these negative factors, the Rusyn and Ukrainian minorities in Croatia faced the risk of disappearance in the coming decades. However, the full-scale aggression of Russia against Ukraine led to a significant wave of refugees, some tens of thousands of whom settled in Croatia. This expands the possibilities for preserving the Ukrainian community by integrating the newly arrived individuals into the cultural and social life of the minority. However, nothing has changed for the Rusyns, and their path to overcoming depopulation and assimilation is seen through consolidation with the Ukrainians.

Insufficient coverage of the history of Poles in Ukraine during the war and the revolution is largely due to a narrow source base. The Polish press is an important source for studying the history of the Polish community in Ukraine at the beginning of the twentieth century. The aim of the study is to clarify the importance, ideological orientation, thematic informativeness, representativeness and characteristics of the functioning of the Polish press in Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the existing Polish press in Ukraine on the basis of the criteria of popularity and publication period, their genre, thematic and ideological orientation, audience, editorial policy, authors, and content. System-analytical and comparative-historical methods have been applied, thanks to which the characteristics of certain periods of the Polish press functioning have been determined. The scientific novelty lies in the disclosure of the source aspect of the study of the Polish press in Ukraine. It was found out that the Polish press in Ukraine in the first decades of the twentieth century is a significant, often unique source of reliable information about the events of Poles' socio-political, socio-economic, and cultural life. Conclusions. The emergence, development and functioning of the Polish press can be divided into three periods: 1905-1914, 1914-1916, and 1917-1921, which are defined by the beginning of its existence, the significance of the events that influenced the development of society – World War I, the Russian February Revolution and the Ukrainian National Revolution. This influenced the content, character and ideological orientation of materials, and the formation of the editorial staff.

The article examines the collective interpretation of historical events and phenomena relating to the wars waged by the Germany from 1870 to 1945 among the members of German-speaking meme communities on Reddit. It also seeks to use representative capabilities of the platform to specify and clarify in relation to young people the approaches existing in German society to the interpretation of Germany‘s role in these events in the context of contemporary shifts in Berlin‘s security policy. By analysing the most popular publications and commentaries, the authors conclude that the “traumatic” dimension of “military” history, in general, is not an obstacle to its ironic representation. With the idealisation of Otto von Bismarck's image, the perception of the Franco-Prussian War differs markedly from the interpretation of the two world wars. At the same time, the policy of the Allies both on the eve of and during the Second World War is viewed differently: the role of Western states is assessed purely positively, whereas a consolidated negative position of users is noticeable in the assessments of the actions of Soviet diplomats and military officers. The authors suggest that the dominant assessments among members of the community — which in many cases differ markedly from Berlin's official position today — favour the revision of the outcomes of World War II and may find manifestation in German foreign policy in the future.

The article is devoted to the research of institutes of cooperation and association of territorial communities in Ukraine. The main purpose of the article is to find out the essence of cooperation and association of territorial communities in Ukraine, their characteristics and their relationship, as well as the impact of the completion of community mobilization on the implementation of cooperation.In 2014, the Government of Ukraine launched a large-scale reform of local self-government, which, in particular, provides for the transfer of greater powers from the central government to local governments, expanding their resource base and more. In this regard, the issues of development of cooperation of territorial communities as an effective and flexible tool for ensuring the capacity of territorial communities and sustainable local development are of particular importance. As the experience of other countries shows, the cooperation of territorial communities cannot be considered as a one-time action, but as a set of actions (organizational, legal, institutional, managerial, etc..)The main legal basis for the development of the institute under study was the adoption of a special Law of Ukraine «On Cooperation of Territorial Communities», № 1508 - VII of June 17, 2014 (hereinafter - the Law № 1508 - VII, 2014.
 According to which, the basic concepts of the institution of cooperation, its principles, subjects, organization, forms and procedure for termination are regulated. However, the practical implementation of its instructions has identified an urgent need for a comprehensive study of the institution of cooperation of territorial communities. After all, the latter faced a number of inaccuracies in the conceptual apparatus of cooperation, participation in its organization and lack of public control over its implementation, unclear monitoring by the state and its participation in cooperation, but without specific powers to stop abuses of cooperation, with inability to join already to the existing cooperation, with the general standard forms of agreements on cooperation in which risks of all parties of the agreement are not considered.The undeniable function of this institution is to improve the quality and comfort of members of territorial communities, ie their inhabitants by solving common problems of communities. Along with this, it is necessary to highlight another of its special functions - it is to promote the process of unification of territorial communities, which is traced from foreign experience.But if we analyze the chronology of the stages of decentralization reform, we can see with the naked eye that voluntary unification began simultaneously with cooperation, and how such «promotion» of cooperation in Ukraine did not happen. Instead, we have completely different from foreign functions and influences of these two institutions both on each other and on local self-government in general and territorial communities in particular.The completion of the process of unification of territorial communities and the creation of capable communities has created a number of obstacles to the implementation of the terms of cooperation agreements between their parties. For example, cooperating communities have joined the affluent, indicating their reorganization. Yes, affluent communities have become the successors of real estate, movables, property obligations, but within the balance of the latter. This means that if the successor does not decide to finance cooperation agreements, they will not be able to be completed and implemented in full. Note that the subject of most such agreements is the implementation of joint projects. As a rule, their conditions determine the need to involve contractors who are obliged to pay for the work performed.Based on such consequences of the completion of the process of unification of communities in Ukraine, there is a great need for prompt and comprehensive legislative changes to protect the institution of cooperation of territorial communities and its subjects.

The informal reflection of the transformation of the life positioning of the emigrants from Ukraine is, mostly part, the prerogative of social psychology and sociology. While the question of interpersonal relations is primarily the indicator of political moods, and, moreover, the indicator of everyday life in the historical context. And it is well know the routine transforms into a center of active cultural genesis in the watershed years: in the collisions of social disorder, the outline of the Future is born and form. In turn, when in a real life the established connections are broken, something like that happen in the human psyche. The "Achilles heel" of the historiography of studying the transformation of the life positioning emigrants from Ukraine in the Czechoslovak Republic (and note, the emigrants from Ukraine in general) is a surprisingly weak reflection of their behavioral history. The interpersonal communication among Ukrainian emigrants was, first of all, historical action – that had a tendency to repeat, as opposed to an event that had the features of extraordinary and non-repeatability. The representatives schools of symbolic interactionism and phenomenological sociology, turned to interpersonal communication for they the atoms of social interaction were, in fact, the actors, their actions, and reactions to the actions of each other: M. Weber, T. Parsons and A. Shchyuts. Although the Ukrainian interwar Prague emigration was, mostly, a political emigration, it unquestioningly follows the general emigration trends of the 1920s-1930s. Thus, in the first instance, especially in the culminated years of the "Russian Aid Action" (1921-1925), the life of the Ukrainian emigration community of the Czechoslovak Republic became to stabilize, was imbued with by the "concept of rapid return" through. In 1925-1928, Ukrainian emigration are affected "turnaround". The 1930s brought new troubles: the global economic crisis (delayed until 1935), and the Second World War was knocked on the door of Ukrainian exiles in 1938. The 1920s were, in fact, really "golden years" in Europe. After the First World War in Czechoslovak Republic became an era of prosperity and prosperity, did not become an exception.Outlined prosperity and well-being have proven themselves, first of all, due to the introduction of technical innovations in ordinary Czechoslovaks: radio receivers, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines, and others. On the other hand the 1930s, on the other hand, made some adjustments in the life of the interwar Chinese SSR. A country, focused on the relations with all the nations, was precipitated by the global economic crisis, which, in addition drag on to 1935. Czechoslovakia had to reckon with access to the proscenium of the world history of monsters-dictatorships. Ukrainian interwar emigration for the level and can be divided into three categories. Ukrainian emigration doctors proved most taciturn interlocutors in informal communication, instead of their informal rejection was an attempt to join the prohibited eugenic research. Engineers and lawyers were considerably more sociable and fun category of informal interlocutors. For this category of Ukrainians in the Czechoslovak Republic We stress, practically, there were not forbidden sweets in interpersonal communication. The teaching the scientists, the staff of the Library and specialists in music, the most funny, witty, gayer, sociable, but at the same time proned to anomalies, phobias and deviations, an emigre category, was . Obviously, this in turn was due to in the emigrant "rating of professions" (1923-1933), the teaching was kept by the honorable "gold" ("silver" was kept the by engineers and economists, and "bronze" was kept by doctors and lawyers). Regarding the deviant behavior, the Ukrainian emigration community in the Czechoslovak Republic, drank and sometimes ends suicide that is got nothing to do with this. The main causes of drunkenness and suicide lay in homesickness, home, tuberculosis and unemployment.

Book Review| August 01 2017 Review: Había mucha neblina o humo o no sé qué by Cristina Rivera Garza Cristina Rivera Garza. Había mucha neblina o humo o no sé qué. México: Literatura Random House, 2016. 248 pp. Jorge Omar Ramírez Pimienta Jorge Omar Ramírez Pimienta University of California, San Diego Jorge Omar Ramirez Pimienta (Omar Pimienta) is a PhD candidate in Literature at the University of California, San Diego. He received his MFA in Visual Arts from the same institution. Both his academic and artistic practice examines questions of identity, trans-nationality, emergency poetics, labor, and political landscapes. Ramírez has published four books of poetry in México and Spain under as Omar Pimienta. He won the Emilio Prado International Publication prize from the Centro Cultural Generación del 27 Málaga Spain in 2009. His work as a visual artist has been recently shown at the 3ème Biennale Internationale de l’Art Contemporain Casablanca, Morocco, and will be part of the Getty Foundation Pacific Standard Time LA/LA initiative in the Museum of Art (Oceanside) and Muzeo Museum and Cultural Center (Anaheim). Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos (2017) 33 (2): 320–322. https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2017.33.2.320 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jorge Omar Ramírez Pimienta; Review: Había mucha neblina o humo o no sé qué by Cristina Rivera Garza. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 1 August 2017; 33 (2): 320–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2017.33.2.320 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentMexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2017 by The Regents of the University of California2017 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Turkey, as the main partner of Kazakhstan in the field of international relations, has developed over a short period of time a strategy, mechanisms and concrete actions for the implementation of “soft power” in the field of promoting language, education and science, business cooperation, which have proven their effectiveness, which demonstrates its positive and attractive image. To implement the policy of “soft power” Turkey uses not only bilateral, but also multilateral cooperation. Among which, it is especially necessary to emphasize the initiatives of Turkey to create such organizations as the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking Countries (CCTС), the Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic Speaking Countries (TurkPA), the Organization for Culture and Arts of Turkic Speaking Countries (TURKSOY). In this regard, this article examines the main aspects of Turkey’s “soft power” policy in the context of the cultural and educational process, as well as, despite the positive results achieved, analyzes a multidimensional strategy for promoting its influence in Kazakhstan. The article provides a historical overview and analysis of Turkey’s “soft power” policy in Kazakhstan, its conceptual content and implementation mechanisms, which are based on specific examples, using the method of comparative analysis. This study used sources in both Russian, English and Turkish.

David Albala: The Forging of a Double Loyalty Krinka Vidaković-Petrov Who Was David Albala? David Albala (b. Belgrade 1886; d. Washington 1942) was an outstanding representative of the Serbian and Yugoslav Jewish community. His parents, Lea Malamed and Avram Kovu, were Sephardim who lived for a while in Rumania (Craiowa and Turnu Severin) and then in Serbia (Belgrade). David was born in Belgrade and was one of seven siblings in the fairly poor Kovu family. When both parents died, the children were transferred to the care of seven different families.1 Five-year-old David was adopted by his maternal aunt and her husband Isak Albala, whose last name he assumed and kept to the end of his life. The Albala family lived in Dorćol, the Sephardic quarter of Belgrade, where he completed his secondary education in the Prva beogradska gimnazija. “These schools provided David and his generation with something more than just knowledge: this was the unique and intensive feeling of patriotism, a special love for Belgrade, and the ideals Belgrade stood for.”2 Although his adopted parents were far from wealthy, David was an ambitious student who dreamed of studying medicine at one of the best higher educational institutions in the region—the University of Vienna. He received a fellowship from Potpora, a benevolent Belgrade-Jewish organization supporting students abroad, and several well-to-do members of the Jewish community in Belgrade, to study in Vienna. He graduated from the Medical School at the University of Vienna in 1910.3 Albala was one of a number of Jewish students from the Balkan region, such as Serbia and Bosnia, who returned from Vienna [End Page 57] to become members of the Serbian (later Yugoslav), Jewish intellectual elite.4 For these students, Vienna was one of the most prestigious educational and cultural centers in Europe of that time. In addition, it was a place where Sephardic students from the Balkans with a long heritage of Oriental culture established close contacts with Central European Ashkenazi Jews whose culture and historical experiences were quite different. Lastly, Vienna was the cradle of modern Zionism, an ideology that would start making a major impact on European Jews at the beginning of the 20th century. Albala came back to Belgrade to fulfill his service in the Serbian army and afterward assumed a fairly lucrative post as a medical doctor on a transoceanic ship line sailing between Trieste and Latin America.5 Upon hearing that the First Balkan War had broken out (1912), Albala quit his job and returned to Serbia to join the army. Following the end of the Balkan Wars, he was demobilized and posted as doctor in Bitolj, located in the just-liberated territory of Macedonia, or South Serbia as it was called at that time. Six months later he would again fight as a Serbian soldier in the Great War. In 1915, the most difficult time for Serbia, he crossed the Albanian mountains with the retreating Serbian army. During that difficult march Albala contracted typhoid and was sent, together with other ailing soldiers, to Volos in Greece and Bizerta in Tunisia in order to recover. From there he was transferred back to Corfu, where the Serbian army and government were stationed. From there the Serbian “army that cannot die”6 would later resume military operations and effect a brilliant breakthrough of the Salonika Front, which enabled the subsequent liberation of Serbia in 1918. Albala, however, did not participate in these operations because he had volunteered to carry out a diplomatic rather than military task. The Context of Albala’s First Mission to the US7 During the extremely difficult passage of the Serbian army across Albania, effected in the winter and without a minimum of supplies, the army was depleted: [End Page 58] a great number of soldiers died of cold and hunger and continued dying in Corfu.8 Had the Russian emperor Nikolai II not presented an ultimatum to the Allies, they would not have provided transportation, food, or medical aid to the Serbian army after the “Albanian Calvary.” However, in 1917 Russia was caught in the turmoil of the February Revolution, resulting in the Czar’s abdication and...