Uji Repelen (Daya Tolak) Beberapa Ekstrak Tumbuhan Terhadap Gigitan Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue

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Abstrak Penyakit­ Demam ­Berdarah ­Dengue,­Malaria,­filaria­sejauh­ini­masih­menjadi­masalah­kesehatan­masyarakat.Penggunaan insektisida nabati banyak memberikan keuntungan diantaranya ramah lingkungan, tidak memberikan dampak buruk pada kesehatan dan bahan dasar ada di sekitar pemukiman. Berdasarkan banyaknya keuntungan yang didapatkan, maka dipandang perlu untuk mencari insektisida nabati sebagai repelen untuk menolak gigitan nyamuk penular penyakit. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen murni, tentang pembuatan ekstrak dari berbagai­bahan­tanaman­serta­uji­efektifitas­daya­tolak­nyamuknya­dan­dilakukan­di­laboratorium.­Pembuatanekstrak dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmasi Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta, sedangkan untuk pengujian ekstrak terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti dilakukan di laboratorium uji insektisida Balai Besar Litbang Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit. Hasil penelitian uji repelen beberapa ekstrak tumbuhan adalah pada dosis 100% yang mampu menolak gigitan nyamuk di atas 80% per jam antara lain ekstrak daun Zodia mampu menolak sampai 2 jam sebanyak 88,2%. Ekstrak daun tembakau mampu menolak selama 3 jam sebanyak 84,9%, ekstrak daun gondopuro mampu menolak selama 1 jam sebanyak 83,3%, ekstrak daun Serai Wangi mampu menolak selama 2 jam sebanyak 85,1%. Ekstrak daun cengkeh mampu menolak selama 4 jam sebanyak, 81,7%. Ekstrak bunga krisan mampu menolak selama 1 jam sebanyak 89,6%, Sedangkan ekstrak daun suren, akar tuba dan lavender hanya mampu menolak gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti di bawah 80%. Kata kunci : ekstrak, repelen, Aedes aegypti Abstract Dengue­Haemorrhagic­Fever,­malaria,­filaria­so­far­are­public­health­problem.­The­use­of­plant-based­­insecticidesare­many­eco-friendly­benefits,­do­not­give­bad­impact­on­­health­and­basic­materials­are­all­around­settlements.­Itis necessary to look for botanical insecticides as repellent to resist bites mosquito­borne diseases. This research is a pure experiment, that is made some extract and then its application as repellent for Ae. aegypti, and performed in the Laboratory. Preparation of extracts performed in the laboratory of Pharmacy, University of Gajah Mada, whereas for testing extract to Aedes aegypti conducted in laboratory of insecticide trials in Institute of Vector and Reservoir Control Research and Development. Repellent tests were conducted for some extract plant at 100% dosage and extract which can refuse mosquito bite above 80% per hour are Zodia leaf extract is resist up to 2 hours as much as 88,2%, tobacco leaf extract is resist for 3 hours as much as 84,9%, gondopuro leaf extract for 1 hour resist as much as 83,3%, Serai Wangi leaf extract is resist for 2 hours as much as 85,1%. Clove leaf extract is resist for 4 hours as much as 81,7%. Chrysanthemum extract for 1 hour resist as much as 89,6%. While the extracts of plant suren leaf, tuba root and lavender just able to resist a bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito under 80%. Keywords : extract, repellent, Aedes aegypti