Abstract
Research aims To determine the effectiveness of skin extract jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) effective as biofungisida against the disease-causing Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxyospurum), Antraknosa (Colletotrichum capsici) and patches leaf (Cercospora capsici) on a red pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.),This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area, Biopharmaceutical Laboratories Faculty of Pharmacy, University of North Sumatra, from March to May 2019. This research used non factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Factors treatment of skin extract concentration jengkol ie negative control (no treatment); positive control (synthetic fungicides 0.2%); and successive concentration is 10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; 50%; 60%; 70%; 80%; 90%; and 100%. The results showed that administrationjengkol skin extract effective for controlling fungal pathogens (Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium oxysporum and Cercospora capsici) that cause disease in plants red chili.Jengkol bark extract at a concentration of 90% obtained the highest percentage inhibition Fusarum oxysporum as big as 78.43% Highly significant with bark extract treatment jengkol 10% and a negative control (no treatment), at a concentration of 20% jengkol skin extract obtained the highest percentage inhibition of Colletotrichum capsici 82.49% Highly significant with bark extract treatment jengkol 10%, negative control (no treatment) and at a concentration of 50% jengkol skin extract obtained the highest percentage inhibition Cercospora capsici as big as 83.43% Highly significant with bark extract treatment jengkol 10%, 20% jengkol bark extract, bark extract jengkol 30% and analytical results.
Highlights
Research aims To determine the effectiveness of skin extract jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) effective as biofungisida against the disease-causing Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxyospurum), Antraknosa (Colletotrichum capsici) and patches leaf (Cercospora capsici) on a red pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L) This research used non factorial completely randomized design with three replications
Pada pengamatan rata-rata persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur patogen Colletotrichum capsici, perlakuan EJ3 ekstrak kulit jengkol (20%) sudah memberikan hasil yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur (Colletotrichum capsici) di cawan petri, perlakuan adalah EJ3 ekstrak kulit jengkol (20%) menunjukan berbeda sangat nyata dengan, EJ2 ekstrak kulit jengkol (10%) dan EJ0 kontrol negatif (-) tanpa perlakuan tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan EJ1 kontrol positif (+) fungisida sintetis Benlox 50 WP 0,2% dan perlakuan ekstrak EJ4 sampai dengan EJ11
Pada pengamatan rata-rata persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur patogen Fusarium oxysporum menunjukkan perlakuan EJ10 sudah memberikan hasil yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur (Colletotrichum capsici) di cawan petri, perlakuan ekstrak kulit jengkol (90%), menunjukan berbeda sangat nyata dengan EJ2 ekstrak kulit jengkol (10%), akan tetapi pada perlakuan EJ3 sampai EJ9 pemberian ekstrak kulit jengkol (20%-80%) tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan EJ0 kontrol negatif (-) tanpa perlakuan tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan EJ1 kontrol positif (+) fungisida sintetis Benlox 50 WP 0,2%
Summary
Uji (skrining) fitokimia merupakan salah satu cara dalam upaya mengungkap potensi sumber daya metabolit skunder tumbuhan. Hasil analisis fitokimia dapat memberikan petunjuk tentang keberadaan komponen kimia (senyawa) jenis golongan steroid/triterpenoid, alkaloid, fenolik, biakan Colletotrichum capsici, biakan Cercospora capsici dengan cork borer diameter 1 mm. Setelah inkubasi selama 2 x 24 jam/hari maka dilakukan pengamatan parameter flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin pada tumbuhan. Sebelum dilakukan skrining fitokimia dilakukan ekstraksi dan maserasi terhadap kulit jengkol. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan pelarut metanol 96% dan dimaserasi selama 3 x 24 jam. Didapatkan hasil ekstrak kulit jengkol dengan warna hijau pekat. Hasil skrining fitokimia kandungan kimia pada kulit jengkol terdapat pada Tabel 1. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak metanol kulit jengkol (Pithecelobium jiringa)
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