Abstract
The article analyzes the specific character of villages as a special type of social and natural environment relationship. A typological analysis of rural settlements in Central Russia (17 administrative regions of the Central Federal District) is conducted using demoecological indicators. A complex analysis was conducted using 11 selected types of settlements, including the specific features of subsystems, dominating processes of their interaction, and the main development trends (comfort, compromise, conflict, and crisis). The polar types are determined: empty villages and new settlement elements—cottage settlements. The role of the most problematic type with a particularly low level of living standards—hostages of Chernobyl in the zone of high levels of radioactive contamination—is shown. The specific territorial features of the modern typological demoecological structure of rural settlements are shown. The four main contrasting regions are singled out: Northwestern, Central, Southern Black Soil, Moscow, and areas around Moscow. The dominating features of the structure, as well as problems and the development trends of their settlement, are revealed.
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