Typology Of Motifs In The Karakalpak And Kazakh Versions Of The Epic “Er Qosay”

INTRODUCTION: The world is culturally endowed with various forms of traditional healing practices. Nepal is situated between India and China. Ayurveda of the Indian subcontinent, the Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, the Tibetan Medicine so close with Nepalese society since hundreds of years. Still, the people have faith and practice to follow the oral health history of such practice in the community. METHODS: To find out the knowledge, practice, belief and health literacy of skin infections among traditional healing faith community. It was the in-depth interview done among the patients with skin infections attending hospital Skin department and having faith in traditional medicine practices. Dermatology quality of life (DQLI) also done. Data were analyzed with SPSS, Epi Info. RESULTS: The total number of patients were 3420 in an eight months period (Jan-Aug 2015). Among them 8% having viral infections (herpes zoster). Male were 42% and female were 58%. 62% of the patients were above 50 years old. Most of the patients (92%) came to hospital for check up after going to traditional healer. 23% have adverse effects. They believe that the disease was due to god and demon angriness. So, as soon as the traditional healer should make the artistic picture of lion, dragon etc. If the two sides artistic picture meet, the chances of death will very high. DQLI is less in those patients. CONCLUSION: Traditional healers in developing country are still one of the consultation practices due to long term belief in oral health history. Evidence based practice and its Health literacy awareness program is essential to improve the quality of life of people. It is not changing over-anight to many generations who have faith on oral history in medical practices, which is the most challenging job in the era of globalization especially developing country like Nepal.

Quilting Voices

Dyadic affiliative preferences in a stable group of domestic pigs

Itself a relatively new interdisciplinary field, oral history and memory studies is a fledgling research area in Turkey. This provides a contrast with history, a well-established, hegemonic discipline historically allied with the state. While many academics in the field of oral history and memory studies outside Turkey were trained in history, and through their work challenged and transformed traditional historiography, in Turkey, practitioners of oral history tend to come from other disciplines such as folklore, anthropology, sociology, literature and women's studies. As a new field, oral history and memory studies is weakly institutionalised in academe: few universities offer courses in oral history and/or memory studies, usually on the inititative of individual academics based in other programmes. In recent years, though, with the rise of identity politics and widespread debate in the media on national history, academics as well as NGO's, informal groups and individuals are turning to oral history as a means of rediscovering and reinterpreting the past.

of: Vladimir Biti, The Fissured Identity of Literature: The Birth of National Literary History out of International Cultural Transfers. In: JLTonline (25.02.2014) Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0222-002528 Link: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0222-002528

The minorities in Yunnan are quite skilled at weaving and embroidering techniques, and they boast the unique materials and special textile art form. With the plant material resources in Yunnan, they are able to create numerous kinds of patterns and drawings on the textile fabric, surrounded by the local rural flavor and intense ethnic characteristics. However, with the social and economic development, together with the opening to the outside world, this ethnic textile activity which reserves much of the primitive style and national characteristics has shrunk and stalled at this moment, turning into the modern manufacturing of commercialization. It is a necessity for the textile art design to embody distinctive nationality and local characteristics before opening to the world. At present, it is of great value to study the textile materials and art forms of the minorities in depth and figure out the whole process from the acquisition and preliminary processing of textile raw material to spinning, weaving, printing and dyeing.

Nationalism emerged almost simultaneously with the formation of history as a modern discipline. National history has dominated a disciplinary form of history since the emergence of modern historiography, which contributed to establishing nationalism as the regime of truth and the nation state as a natural unit of history. But the paradox is that nationalism is not national but transnational; and national history is not exempt from this paradox. The essentialist perception of “national characteristics” cannot occur outside overlapping relations between nation states in the global chain of national histories. This signifies that it is the transnationality of the nationalist imagination and its history that are important. If national history is transnational, transnational history is often no less national, as some narratives in Euro‐historiography and transnational East Asia demonstrate. In the twenty‐first century the marriage between nationalism and history is in crisis, but they are not yet divorced.

Teaching military history poses many challenges. Despite the popularity of the History Channel and the Military Channel, many students find campaigns, battles, and strategy confusing or uninteresting. Those same students often willingly engage the sub ject if it can be personalized through individual veterans' stories. Oral history offers students a way to connect directly and intimately with those who actually made the history they study. Oral history is labor intensive and requires a certain amount of discipline and maturity, but it is entirely appropriate for grades 9-12. Many high schools around the country have established successful oral history programs. One fine example of such a program was developed at the D.C. Everest Junior-Senior High School in Weston, Wisconsin. The school's oral history project began in 1997 as a National History Day pro gram and has now grown into an award winning long-term endeavor that has produced several published books. While students interviewed many local veterans, they ultimately expanded their efforts to explore the 1920s, the Great Depression, the 1950s, the 1960s, and local ethnic groups, including the Hmong commu nity established in Wisconsin after the Vietnam War. For more on this project, please visit . An oral history program designed to recapture the personal stories of local veterans does not have to be overly com plicated. It can be as simple as requiring students to meet with veterans to record [M]any students find campaigns, battles, and strategy confusing or uninteresting. Those same students often willingly engage the subject if it can be personalized through indi vidual veterans' stories. Oral history offers students a way to connect di rectly and intimately with those who actually made the history they study.

Reviewed by: Women in the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories Ruiqi Ma Women in the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories. By Wang Zheng. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Pp. xv + 402. In Wang Zheng's Women in the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories, the term "Chinese Enlightenment" refers to the New Culture Movement (1917- 1926), when Chinese intellectuals attempted to introduce "democracy," "science," and other Western ideas into the indigenous Chinese cultural system in response to the military and ideological challenges from the West. The espousal of women's rights and equality between men and women were among the primary goals of the New Culture Movement. Women in the Chinese Enlightenment reconfigures the narrative of that period through a female perspective. Examining the life stories of five women who were born at the very beginning of the twentieth century, Wang [End Page 139] argues that these women, who worked as a school principal, an attorney, an editor, an educator, and a career revolutionary in the early decades of the past century, are the "forgotten heroines" (p. 119) of modern Chinese history and the real pioneers of the Chinese feminist movement. The first part of the book describes Chinese society around the year 1920 and offers a sketchy outline of the history of China after that period. The second part, which is also the major section, consists of hybridized texts of authorial narration and interviews with the five women, who were socially and politically active in that era. The structure of the book clearly indicates the author's intention to narrate personal recollections within the framework of official history. The hybridization of oral and textual narratives in recounting the intimate lives of the five women helps the reader to get a general impression of a tumultuous moment in Chinese history. Furthermore, the oral histories of these five women give the book a uniquely female perspective. It is indeed a pathbreaking contribution to make women the primary narrators of a national history, the major witnesses of social transition, and the essential participants of a cultural movement. In taking such an approach, Wang not only affirms the contribution of Chinese female intellectuals to the enlightenment movement as well as to the modernization of China; she provides as well an analysis of the ignorance of the predominant discourses on Chinese feminism. As a consequence, her emphasis on the social changes brought about through the individual efforts of women, as demonstrated by the five women presented here, subverts and disrupts the Chinese Communist Party's narrative of women's liberation, which has up to now accentuated the importance of Marxist ideology and the socialist system to the development of the Chinese feminist movement. One of the author's strengths is her effective organization of her materials. She efficiently utilizes the abundant official texts on the "woman problem" (p. 36), largely written by men, while at the same time she boldly employs the oral histories preserved and told by women. The textualization of the oral history of women, supplementing the male narrative on women and the "woman problem," serves as the cornerstone for "creating a feminist discourse" (p. 35). In addition, the author makes use of many manifestos and journal articles from the 1920s on the rights and roles of Chinese women. Enhanced by an accurate and excellent translation, this book becomes all the more informative and useful to other researchers wishing to explore the impact of Western ideology on Chinese women and the relationship between Chinese nationalism and feminism. In addition to its intellectual intensity and scholarly excellence, Women in the Chinese Enlightenment is an unusually affecting human document because of the poignancy and universality of the narration by women of their experiences in the struggle for recognition as equal partners with men in a male-dominated world. The story of their trials and triumphs has relevance to women worldwide. On the cover of the book are photographs of the five respondents. The contrast between the images of them taken in their youth and those taken in their senior years is so enormous that it inspires a profound contemplation on life and the passage of time. In other words, this is...

ORAL history has increased in popularity in the past several years! Just recently, with the micropublication of the Columbia University oral history collection, the New York Times has begun to issue selections from this collection to researchers. The 1971 directory compiled by the national Oral History Association describes more than 230 oral history projects now at colleges, universities, historical societies, and research libraries throughout the country. Most of these, like the one at Alliance College that concentrates upon the Polish American community, are just a few years old, quite small, and specialized in scope. Yet an impressive start has been made. Something like 20,000 persons have been interviewed and their unpublished reminiscences are now available for use by scholars. But this manner of obtaining historical material should not be viewed as the only value of oral history. There is also a research technique involved that, at the undergraduate level, has practical possibilities. For one thing, it can serve as a substitute for the research or term paper so commonly requested in history courses. Today many students find the mechanics of putting together footnotes, annotated bibliographies, and bits of information derived from standard works and journals into a meaningful composition as pedantic and intellectually unrewarding. Oral history is more challenging; the final product more individualized. Creative processes are not dulled, for the student can be taught to develop his own technique and style of interviewing. Equally important will be his realization that what he is recording on tape can be historically original.

The Drama is always regarded as one kind of ”the comprehensive art.” It has such diversified artistic elements as the literature, music, the vision, and so on. Along with the diverse evolution as well as artistic esthetic experiences in the field of theater art, there is a demand that the contemporary/modern play both from the Western and Eastern world transforms toward simplified development which is characterized as ”returns to original condition plain.” GAO Xingjian's Experimental Theatre arouses the interest by its ”national characteristic.” In December 2005, the Department of Theater Arts of National Sun Yat-Sen University created the play ”Bus Station,” a yearly manufacture, which features the combination of the modem play with ”the national style.” The artistic feature of ”cross domain” in the ”Bus Station” fuses the performance esthetics with ”The Epic Theatre” outlined by Brecht. Therefore, the ”Bus Station” has the form of epic poem play and the characteristic of ”Stylization” originated in Eastern tradition drama stage. This play, by the fusion of theatrical forms from East and West as well as the theory of ”the theatricality” which Gao Xingjian advocated, presents a novel modem play style. Through the presentation of the dramatic work of ”Bus Station”, this article is the preliminary discussion of the influence of ”cross domain” to drama play that Gao Xingjian established in his point of view.

In this article, I reflect on teaching oral history in a society with a centralized education system that inculcates a hegemonic national(ist) history. I suggest that the commitment to academic freedom and liberal arts education at Sabanci University, a private university in Turkey, encourages the teaching of interdisciplinary and research-oriented courses that critical pedagogy inspires. I show that while oral history is relatively new and weakly institutionalized in Turkey, recent interest in and growing debates about the past have led to growing demand for oral history. Using examples from the classroom, I argue that oral history teaching has enormous potential for addressing the silences and controversies in Turkey’s past. I show that the practice of oral history allows students to rethink the learning process, debate public history, reconsider their relations with others, and reflect on their own past and current subjectivities. Describing the contraction of the public sphere in Turkey in the last two years, I discuss the limits of the oral history classroom as a microcosm of society. I suggest that despite (or because of) these limitations, oral historians may develop creative new ways to continue teaching and collaborating with their students.

This chapter presents evidence supporting the strong form of supplier-induced demand in intellectual property litigation. Specifically, it highlights a shift in the locus of control for service consumption from buyers to geographically proximate sellers of these services. These sellers, through their close proximity and frequent interaction with buyers, exert a palpable influence over them and induce demand. The findings indicate that companies located near law firm offices tend to initiate a greater number of lawsuits. Additionally, companies retaining closer legal counsel are more likely to engage in prolonged litigation. Importantly, the heightened consumption of litigation services in these cases does not result in legal success; instead, it is more likely to lead to legal losses, indicating a strong form of supplier-induced demand. Moreover, the emergence of supplier-induced demand is not uniform but is confined to situations characterized by particularly high levels of uncertainty regarding lawsuit outcomes.

The interchromosomal spatial positionings of a subset of human chromosomes was examined in the human breast cell line MCF10A (10A) and its malignant counterpart MCF10CA1a (CA1a). The nine chromosomes selected (#1, 4, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 21 and X) cover a wide range in size and gene density and compose ∼40% of the total human genome. Radial positioning of the chromosome territories (CT) was size dependent with certain of the CT more peripheral in CA1a. Each CT was in close proximity (interaction) with a similar number of other CT except the inactive CTXi. It had lower levels of interchromosomal partners in 10A which increased strikingly in CA1a. Major alterations from 10A to CA1a were detected in the pairwise interaction profiles which were subdivided into five types of altered interaction profiles: overall increase, overall decrease, switching from 1 to ≥2, vice versa or no change. A global data mining program termed the chromatic median calculated the most probable overall association network for the entire subset of CT. This interchromosomal network was drastically altered in CA1a with only 1 of 20 shared connections. We conclude that CT undergo multiple and preferred interactions with other CT in the cell nucleus and form preferred-albeit probabilistic-interchromosomal networks. This network of interactions is highly altered in malignant human breast cells. It is intriguing to consider the relationship of these alterations to the corresponding changes in the gene expression program of these malignant cancer cells.

Rotenone induced neurodegeneration is mediated via cytoskeleton degradation and necroptosis