Typology of International Migration in Globalization Challenges for Realizing Bangladeshi Migrant Worker’s Rights and Their Contribution to Social Development

Abstract

Purposive movement of people in a global era that sense may term international migration where the interaction of global and local networks takes place in various forms. The globalizing economy is one of the prime forces behind migration where the traditional push and pull factors have been amplified as “glocal” interaction. Conversely, the term globalization may be used to refer to a set of processes that are thought to transfer or exchange social, political, economic, and cultural conditions in another nation-state spontaneously. The present diasporic societies make it easier for the migrant to find such thing as shelter and work at the same time remittance to their home country have become an increasingly significant factor in globalization and the economies of many home countries. The international population movement bolsters the economies of individual families and the state at large by selling their labor through the different typologies of international migration such as permanent migrant settler, migrant student, refugee and asylum seeker, undocumented migrants, and migrant workers. Employment Abroad Bangladesh began exporting its labor force in 1976 to the present mentioning the migrant worker categories, short terms migrant, skilled, semi-skilled, and inept are regularized to exchange their human capital for earning foreign currency. Empirical research studies have been conducted on international migration along with qualitative research methods applied for tracing the present scenario with the study of taken initiatives of Bangladesh government for the importance of labor migration in our national economy. As other finding shows that overseas skilled and semi-skilled migrants were a good number in 2000 then it kept increasing, In the continuous process, our trained employees increased by 36,025 in 2001 and in 2002 it raised to 56,265. Thus, in 2003, 74,530 skilled workers moved, and the number of semi-skilled laborers increased by 29,236 from 2005 to 2007. In 2007, remittances earned by foreign workers totaled $6.568 billion. The Ministry of Expatriates’ Welfare and Overseas Employment of Bangladesh reported that annual remittances transferred to our basket were almost $22.1 billion in 2021, the seventh highest in the world and the third highest in South Asia. In other words, it is the flow of funds associated with immigration though the current net migration rate for Bangladesh in 2022 is -2.113 per 1000 population, a 2.18% decline from 2021. This article aims to show different types of migration in the holistic spectrum of economic globalization concerning migrant workers of Bangladesh and their contribution through remittance to our economy and society, and also, analyze the role of local and international organizations on labor migration policies, especially those that normalize to exchange of migrant workers in Bangladesh.