Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications are seriously affecting public health worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the primary cause of death in patients with T2DM. T2DM patients without a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) have the same risk of major coronary events as those with CAD; T2DM patients with a history of MI have >40% risk of recurrence of MI. Thus, CAD in patients with T2DM needs to be treated actively to reduce the risk of MI. The cardiology community focused on the role of T2DM in the development of CAD and on the related issues of T2DM and MI with respect to comorbidities, prognosis, drug therapy, and heredity. In this mini review, the latest progress of clinical evidence-based research between T2DM and MI in recent years was reviewed, and the possible research directions in this field were considered and prospected.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading chronic non-communicable disease, and its prevalence has significantly increased globally
By mainly retrieving PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science, we identified and critically analyzed nearly 5 years of published clinical studies [randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies] focusing on T2DM and Myocardial infarction (MI)
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the correlation between T2DM and long-term (≥1 year) post-MI mortality was conducted, including 10 RCTs and 56 cohort studies (714,780 patients), with a total of 202,411 deaths over a median follow-up time of 2.0 years; it was found that the high longterm mortality of patients with T2DM was significant over time, independent of the phenotype of MI and modern treatments, and the long-term mortality was approximately 50% higher in patients with T2DM than in those without T2DM [17]
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading chronic non-communicable disease, and its prevalence has significantly increased globally. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and CVD included a total of 13 studies representing 17,611 patients, which suggested that DR is remarkably related with increased risk of CVD and CVDassociated mortality in diabetes [23]. A clinical study evaluating the effect of canagliflozin on renal events of patients with DM complicated by renal diseases with renal outcomes as a primary endpoint demonstrated that canagliflozin reduced the risk of composite endpoints by up to 30% [34]. Major international guidelines all highly recommend the use (or combined use) of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM with comorbid CVDs
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