Abstract
BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) has been identified as a risk factor for poor oral health, however, a limited number of oral health and T2D characteristics have been studied so far. We sought to assess T2D status, age at diagnosis, duration since diagnosis and treatment in relation to a variety of oral diseases.MethodsCross-sectional data were analyzed from the E3N (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education Nationale) cohort study which enrolled 60,590 women. Participants self-reported oral health status, and T2D cases were identified using diabetes-specific questionnaires and drug reimbursement insurance databases. Multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using logistic regression models.ResultsThe mean age (SD) of the women was 70 years (7.2), and 4.7% (n = 2857) had T2D. Compared to women without T2D, women with T2D were more likely to report a poor perceived oral health (OR 1.37 [95% CI 1.18, 1.60]), wearing dental prostheses (1.26 [1.14, 1.39]) and having problems of biting and chewing food (1.19 [1.07, 1.33]). In addition, for women with T2D the age at diagnosis (inversely) and the duration (positively) were associated with the likelihood to report poor oral health.ConclusionsFor women with T2D, duration and age at diagnosis are associated with wearing prostheses, problems of biting and chewing, periodontitis and gingivitis.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been identified as a risk factor for poor oral health, a limited num‐ ber of oral health and T2D characteristics have been studied so far
Characteristics of women according to quartile groups of duration and age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and type of treatment use are presented in Additional file 1: Tables s1–s3
The present study demonstrates that older women with diabetes were more likely to report poor oral health than those without diabetes
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been identified as a risk factor for poor oral health, a limited num‐ ber of oral health and T2D characteristics have been studied so far. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in poorly controlled diabetes play a role in the elevated risk of Laouali et al BMC Oral Health (2021) 21:315 oral diseases such as periodontal destruction [6, 7]. Previous data reported that diabetes duration and severity are positively associated with high decayed, missed and filled teeth values [12], periodontal diseases [13, 14], tooth loss [15] and lower scores of oral health related quality of life [16]. A recent meta-analysis reports a non-significant association between poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and the risk of periodontitis as well as a high level of heterogeneity between studies [17]. Despite the gender differences in diabetes incidence [18] and the burden of age-related oral health [19], there are very few gender and age-specific studies
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