Abstract
A pair of salient tradeoffs have driven the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems developments. More explicitly, the early era of MIMO developments was predominantly motivated by the multiplexing-diversity tradeoff between the Bell Laboratories layered space-time and space-time block coding. Later, the linear dispersion code concept was introduced to strike a flexible tradeoff. The more recent MIMO system designs were motivated by the performance-complexity tradeoff, where the spatial modulation and space-time shift keying concepts eliminate the problem of inter-antenna interference and perform well with the aid of low-complexity linear receivers without imposing a substantial performance loss on generic maximum-likelihood/max a posteriori -aided MIMO detection. Against the background of the MIMO design tradeoffs in both uncoded and coded MIMO systems, in this treatise, we offer a comprehensive survey of MIMO detectors ranging from hard decision to soft decision. The soft-decision MIMO detectors play a pivotal role in approaching to the full-performance potential promised by the MIMO capacity theorem. In the near-capacity system design, the soft-decision MIMO detection dominates the total complexity, because all the MIMO signal combinations have to be examined, when both the channel’s output signal and the a priori log-likelihood ratios gleaned from the channel decoder are taken into account. Against this background, we provide reduced-complexity design guidelines, which are conceived for a wide-range of soft-decision MIMO detectors.
Highlights
The technical breakthrough of Turbo Codes (TCs) [1], [2] has initiated two decades of exciting developments, leading to a suite of near-capacity tranceiver techniques [3]–[12]
The first era of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system design was fueled by the multiplexing-diversity tradeoff, where the associated VERTICAL-ENCODED BELL LABORATORIES LAYERED SPACE-TIME (V-BLAST), SPACE-TIME BLOCK CODE (STBC) and Linear Dispersion Code (LDC) schemes were introduced in Sec
The second era of MIMO system design was predominantly motivated by the performance-complexity tradeoff
Summary
The technical breakthrough of Turbo Codes (TCs) [1], [2] has initiated two decades of exciting developments, leading to a suite of near-capacity tranceiver techniques [3]–[12]. G4 STBC arrangement performs the worst for both NR = 1 and NR = 2, because it has to employ a high-order 256QAM scheme in order to provide the same system throughput, and its diversity advantage exhibited at high SNRs is eroded in channel coded systems operating at relatively low SNRs. the EXIT charts of Fig. predict a similar detection capability for V-BLAST and SM, the BER performance of Fig. demonstrates that SM performs worse than V-BLAST by about 0.8 dB in TC MIMO systems associated with the same throughput of RcR = 2 bits/block/channel use.
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