Abstract
The L-mode density limit in ASDEX Upgrade is investigated with focus on the scrape-off layer. We observe a chain of events that involves the collapse of the E × B outer shear layer (just outside the separatrix), widening of the electron pressure fall-off length, outer divertor detachment, density shoulder formation, reduction and flattening of the parallel Mach number, and enhanced turbulent cross-field transport. The latter effect was associated with higher amplitude density fluctuations at low frequencies, where the turbulent cross-phase between density and velocity fluctuations pointing radially outward was favourable.
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