Tuning Plasmonic Properties of Gold Nanoparticles by Employing Nanoscale DNA Hydrogel Scaffolds

Abstract

Noble metals have always fascinated researchers due to their feasible and facile approach to plasmonics. Especially the extensive utilization of gold (Au) has been found in biomedical engineering, microelectronics, and catalysis. Surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) sensors are achievable by employing plasmonic nanoparticles. The past decades have seen colossal advancement in noble metal nanoparticle research. Surface plasmonic biosensors are advanced in terms of sensing accuracy and detection limit. Likewise, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used to develop distinct biosensors for molecular diagnosis. DNA nanotechnology facilitates advanced nanostructure having unique properties that contribute vastly to clinical therapeutics. The critical element for absolute control of materials at the nanoscale is the engineering of optical and plasmonic characteristics of the polymeric and metallic nanostructure. Correspondingly, AuNP's vivid intense color expressions are dependent on their size, shape, and compositions, which implies their strong influence on tuning the plasmonic properties. These plasmonic properties of AuNPs have vastly exerted the biosensing and molecular diagnosis applications without any hazardous effects. Here, we have designed nanoscale X-DNA-based Dgel scaffolds utilized for tuning the plasmonic properties of AuNPs. The DNA nanohydrogel (Dgel) scaffolds engineered with three different X-DNAs of distinct numbers of base pairs were applied. We have designed X-DNA base pair-controlled size-varied Dgel scaffolds and molar ratio-based nano assemblies to tune the plasmonic properties of AuNPs. The nanoscale DNA hydrogel's negatively charged scaffold facilitates quaternary ammonium ligand-modified positively charged AuNPs to flocculate around due to electrostatic charge attractions. Overall, our study demonstrates that by altering the DNA hydrogel scaffolds and the physical properties of the nanoscale hydrogel matrix, the SPR properties can be modulated. This approach could potentially benefit in monitoring diverse therapeutic biomolecules.